She got upset with Lord Krishna because she saw this. It is said that she did not get salvation from the cycle of births and deaths in her past life with Lord Krishna so she was born as Meera Bai again. [149], Ashtapadis of Gita Govinda are also enacted in contemporary classical Odissi dance form. Who was Radha in her previous birth? - Quora [82] According to Caitanya Charitamrita's Antya Lila (2:6:116), Radha also received a boon from sage Durvasa in her childhood that whatever she cooked would be better than nectar. He is also frequently depicted as a warrior, capable of achieving feats that are impossible to achieve at other times. [152] The traditional songs of Rasiya are based on the divine portrayal and love of Radha and Krishna. Rajasthani Painting with a love theme where Radha is getting ready and Krishna admires her silently. How Lord Krishna Fulfilled Radha's Last Desire? - Boldsky.com Radhas life in Vrindavan took a drastic turn after Krishna left. Radha was the wife of another gopa but was the dearest of Krishna's consorts and his constant companion. Radhas constant companion, Latha, lives in Yavat and is well known throughout the world. Later, Krishna feels devastated after Radha leaves. Beauty of Radharani - a Blissful Description! - Krishna Today Patta Chitra painting depicting love story of Radha and Krishna. Satyaki became extremely agitated as a result of learning of this. She did not even exist when she was born. Found a girl child lying on a lotus in a pond as her daughter her. A creation of Jayadev in the 12th century in his erotic book Geet Govindam this is not married to Gopa. However, there is no concrete evidence to support either claim. [68][69] In Kishangarh paintings, Radha is represented as beautifully dressed woman in ghagra choli with pearl jewelry and a dark diaphanous veil over her head. And Lakshmi being the inseparable wife of Lord Vishnu took birth as Rukmini in her next life. Who Is Radha In Radha Krishna? - Opening hours of Indian temples EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. Krishna spent many days playing music and dancing with his friends at Vrindavana. Radha's first major appearance in the 12th-century Gita Govinda in Sanskrit by Jayadeva,[31][32][33][34] as well as Nimbarkacharya's philosophical works. In fact, when Krishna brought all his wives to meet Radha, they all together declared her the most beautiful and sacred hearted woman in the whole universe. Radha gets married to Ayan despite being emotionally broken. Rdhe Shym Rdhe Shym who was radha in her previous birth? Archives - Brij Bhakti - Untold The setting for the story is Barsana, where Radha grew up in the childhood of the young Radha. When Rukmini was younger, Vyasa would tell her about her past lives and how she met Lord Krishna. In fact, they had a child together. Moms Share Their Most Embarrassing Birth Moments, While In Tears As Radharani is Adi Shakti, Mulaprakriti, she is beyond birth and death so her "previous birth" is not possible. She is revered as the goddess of love, tenderness, compassion, and devotion, among other attributes. As a wish, Radha asked him just to play the flute for her, and as love flowed from the flute, Radha breathed the last breaths of her life as a human being. [92] But to give importance to Parakiya relationship (love without any social foundation) over Svakiya's (married relationship), Radha Krishna's marriage was never publicized and kept hidden. However, she was not born from the womb of her mother. And this newfound feeling for her husband made Radha whole again. Finally, she accepted their marriage proposal after they were given the opportunity to touch her. Therefore, Krishna did not marry Radha. Through her image, her divine character and her amorous and passionate relations with Krishna, Radha is the constant meditation of practitioners. One of the basic traits of Radha is her unconditional love for Krishna and her sufferings that forms the basis for Radha's exaltation as a model of devotion. Both face life challenges and are committed to their true love. Theres no bias between Radha and Rukmini as why one is only worshipped with Krishna. [153][154], The residents of Braj region still greet each other with salutations like "Radhe Radhe", "Jai Shri Radhe" and "Radhe Shyam", directing their mind to Radha and ultimate relationship she shares with Krishna. Radha is a Hindu goddess who is often associated with Lord Krishna. Radha Ashtami, also known as Radhashtami or Radha Jayanti, is a Hindu festival commemorating the birth of Radha. Satyabhama is the most beautiful girl and that no one can reject her Krishna! [119][9], During the 18th century at Kolkata existed the Sakhbhvakas community, whose members used to wear female dresses in order to identify themselves with the gopis, companions of Radha. Kelly Osbourne Reveals First Glimpse on New Baby Boy At one time, it was performed by the Devadasis but now it has spread out to the homes and cultural institutions. The piled up wealth Rukmini wrote a love letter to Krishna they! Meerabai's guru's name was Sant Raidas, and krishna Worship lessons were received from her guidance. Methods. If we talk about "previous incarnation", then as Sri Krishna was Sri Ram in his previous incarnation, Balram Daau was Lakshman ji in his previous incarnation and in the same way, Sri Radha was Sri Sita in her previous incarnation. Story Of The Birth Of Radha - Boldsky.com Therefore, Krishna did not marry Radha. The legend of Krishna and Radha and their love provided rich material to Pahari painters in general and to the artists of Garhwal in particular. Ka Ka Rdhe Rdhe Sakhiisahasraih parisevitaam sadaa smarema deviim sakalestakaamadaam ||. Rukmis Vidarbha army remained neutral during the Kurukshetra War, avoiding any engagement with the Pandavas or the the Kauravas. It is said that she regained her sight after being struck by a flower petal during a battle between the gods and demons. (VII, 6) [114] In Sanskrit scripture Brahma Vaivarta Purana also, Radha and Krishna are understood to be eternally related to each other as husband and wife (or as god and goddess) validating their Svakiya relationship. Satyabhma was proud of her beauty, chastity and love for Krishna. Krishna, the Hindu god of love and light, is frequently portrayed as a handsome young man with a divine smile and a playful sense of humor. [56], Graham M. Schweig in his work "The divine feminine theology of Krishna" in context with Radha Krishna stated that, "The divine couple, Radha and Krishna, comprise the essence of godhead. [83], Youth phase of Radha's life is filled with her divine pastimes with Krishna. Radha finds out the truth about her past. [11][9][12] Radha, as a supreme goddess, is considered as the female counterpart and the internal potency (hladini shakti) of Krishna, who resides in Goloka, the celestial abode of Radha Krishna. Radha was a gopi (cowherd girl) in her previous birth. [62][63][64] Radha is a power potency of Krishna, who is a playful adventurer. Radha is also known as Ayonija due to her lack of a womb birth. ", Das, Biswarup. The place where Radha Krishna's marriage was conducted is still present in the outskirts of Vrindavan, called Radha Krishna Vivah Sthali, Bhandirvan. In early Indian literature, mentions of her are elusive. She was the object of the highest love of Krishna and being idealized as love, some of the agreeable feelings of the heart are considered her ornaments. Who was Sita in her next birth? (2023) - womansclubofcarlsbad.com Who was Radha in her previous birth? 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved The famous Bani Thani portrait by artist Nihl Chand was inspired by Radha's physical features which includes sharp eyebrows, lotus-like elongated eyes, thin lips and a pointed nose and chin. [156], Radha and Krishna are the focus of temples in the Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Vallabhacharya, Chandidas, and other traditions of Vaishnavism. Similarly, he claims that Radha's persona as Krishna's consort was developed to complement his own, just as a Lakshmi would complement a Vishnu or a Parvati would complement a Shiva. Because of not having born from the womb, Radha is also known as Ayonija. In her reflections he saw the red gem on her forehead which seemed to glow like fire, reminding him of Sita sitting in fire, adorned, with her husband's leave. [78] According to the popular legend, Radha was discovered by Vrishbhanu on an effulgent lotus floating in Yamuna river. In the Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Kubja is the reincarnation of Shurpanakha, a demoness who vied for Rama, Krishna's previous birth on earth. Its a pleasure to have you here. Seeing this, she felt jealous and got disappointed with Lord Krishna. 5 min. WPL 2023, Delhi Capitals Squad Details: Full List of Players And All Radha, the gopi (milkmaid) who became Krishnas lover, is considered the mother of Hinduisms gods. In Mathura and Vrindavan, the festival is celebrated in different forms like Lathmar Holi in Barsana and Nandgaon, where sticks are used to create playful beats, to which young men and women dance; Phoolon wali Holi in Gulaal Kund near the Govardhan Hill, during which Ras Leela is performed and Holi is played with colourful flowers and Widow's Holi in Vrindavan. As a result, Brahma created the river Ganges and Vishnu crossed it on his head using the cosmic serpent Vasuki as a bridge. Kamsa - Wikipedia Radha was a gopi (cowherd) of Vrindavan, and is considered to be the supreme goddess of Krishna. She has acted in over 200 movies in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi. Towards the balance and praying to Krishna, prides herself on the Krishna. Hence, since she had united with him, there arose no need for marriage. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? [54] She also appears in Hindu arts as Ardhanari with Krishna, that is an iconography where half of the image is Radha and the other half is Krishna. [16] Some of the important Radha Krishna temples are:-, Guru Gobind Singh, in his Dasam Grantha, describes Radha the, sukl bhis rika, thus: "Radhika went out in the light of the white soft moon, wearing a white robe to meet her Lord. Her gaze was drawn to the lap of Yashoda (Krishnas foster mother) as soon as she felt Krishna on her lap. For the conscious and the informed, Krishna and Radha are the Universe and its harmony, the Energy and its joyful articulation, the cosmic dance and its rhythmic balance. She left her body when she heard the flute. O follow me, my little Radha. Radha Ashtami is celebrated to commemorate Krishnas and Radhas love. It is not the Krishna who is worshiped, but Radha and Krishna together are worshiped. [135], Holi, one of the major Hindu festival, also called festival of love and festival of colors also celebrates the divine and eternal love of Radha and Krishna. Mistaking the sleeping Krishna for a deer, a hunter named Jara shoots an arrow that fatally injures him. The Bankey Bihari Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Krishna as part of Radha-vallabha tradition. [144] The central theme of Kangra painting is love inspired by Rasikapriya, popular poetic work of Keshavdasa. [55], In Radha Krishna temples, the idol of Radha always stands next to Krishna on his left with a garland in her hand. [61] Sita is traditionally wedded: the dedicated and virtuous wife of Rama, an introspective temperate paragon of a serious, virtuous man. This can be understood from the verse where Nanda, the father of Krishna, who represents social authority and ideal of dharma ordered Radha Krishna to go home as storm was approaching Vrindavan but the order was defied by the couple. [93][94][95][96], There is limited information about the life of Radha and gopis after Krishna left Vrindavan. This is not the work of Gopa and is not a work of Jayadev in his erotic book Geet Govindam, which was published in the 12th century. Radha Saw Lord Krishna With Virja While Radha was Krishna's wife in his previous birth, an incident narrates that she once saw Lord Krishna sitting in the park with Virja, another of his wives then. Her husband Krishna is said to be in control of her love. "[60], The Radha-Krishna and Sita-Rama pairs represent two different personality sets, two perspectives on dharma and lifestyles, both cherished in the way of life called Hinduism. [143] In Pahari paintings, often the nayaka (hero) is depicted as Krishna and the nayika (heroine) is depicted as Radha. Rukmini was very devoted, dedicated and humble. What is the cost of a flute? Following is the list of festivals associated with her -, Radhashtami, also called Radha Jayanti is celebrated as the appearance anniversary of Radha. The reality star welcomed her first child with Slipknot DJ Sid Wilson four months ago and . Krishna saw and stopped her asking the reasons why she wanted to leave. In the Gita govinda, Radha stands in relation to Krishna as his consort. After separation she manifest herself as the goddess Primordial prakriti (Mlaprakriti) who is called the "Maker of Universe" or "Mother of All" (Narada Purana, Purva-Khanda, 83.10-11, 83.44, 82.214).[105][106]. She was born in the house of Bhismaka, king of Vidharbha. This level of Radha's identity transcends her material nature as prakriti and exits in the form of pure consciousness (Narada Purana, Uttara Khana - 59.8). Kamsa (Sanskrit: , romanized: Kasa) was the tyrant ruler of the Vrishni kingdom, with its capital at Mathura.He is variously described in Hindu literature as either a human or an asura; The Puranas describe him as an asura, while the Harivama describes him as an asura reborn in the body of a man. While Radha was Krishna's wife at the time of his previous birth, she recalls seeing Lord Krishna sitting in the park with another of his wives, Virja. She is always ready to help out anyone in need and is always there for her loved ones. They are Hindu followers of the Vallabh Radha sect, which has evolved into a distinct caste. (2.22.26)[111][112], Radha is admired as an ideal of perfect lover. [151], Rasiya is a popular genre of Indian folk music from Braj region, Uttar Pradesh. Vishnu has two wives, Sri-devi and Bhudevi. Meerabai was born (1498-1547) in the sixteenth century . Furthermore, it implies that Radha and Krishnas relationship is more important to Hindu mythology than Krishna and other characters. Building effective intervention models utilizing big data to prevent It was not Radha but her shadow who later married Rayan. It is centered on the celestial love of Krishna and Radha. Kamalavati Ji and Vrishbhanu Ji were sad as Radha Rani was born blind. Radha, in contrast to her paramour Krishna, who may have previously been a human hero who was raised to divinity via tradition, is a completely fictitious character. He was surprised at Krishnas command but he did as he was told. It indicates that she is not a well-known historical figure. Krishna and Radha are one of the favorite subject in Rajput paintings because they portrayed a theme that symbolized the desire of the soul to be united by god. After tying Rukmini to a string, he took her to his palace. Radhas status is lower than that of her dog in her village of Jamu in western Nepal because of her menstruation. His consort Radha is celebrated as the energy of Krishna and symbolically the energy of the cosmos. In Jamu, Radhas village in western Nepal, her status is lower than a dogs, because she is menstruating. Other gopis are usually considered to be self-willing maidservants (Sevika) of Radha. A creation of Jayadev in the 12th century in his erotic book Geet Govindam this is not married to Gopa. Meet foils Manmeet's plan. I have seen such an amazingly beautiful gopi, that I wonder if she really is a cowherdess! How was Radha died? - TipsFolder.com She is neither a wife nor a devoted rustic playmate. I have blackened my golden skin longing for him. Radha is though mentioned in Brahma Vaivart Purana but very scarcely and it is not mentioned what happened to her after Krishna left for Mathura. In AD 599, Rukmini married Satyaki, the son of the king of Varanasi, in celebration of the Snake (AD 599). [20][15][10][21], The Sanskrit term Rdh (Sanskrit: ) means "prosperity, success, perfection and wealth". ", This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 19:51. The Ramayana describes her to be the firstborn of Himavat, the personification of the Himalayas, and the sister of the mother goddess Parvati. Radha Ashtami today: Everything you need to know about this auspicious day Radha stands outside the chhaupadi hut where she sleeps during her period. It was white everywhere and hidden in it, she appeared like the light itself in search of Him". As a result, she married a man and had a child with him after her mother forced her to do so. Rather than depicting her as a parakiya heroine, Kesavdas, on the whole, presents her as a svakiya heroine, the one to whom Krishna belongs wholeheartedly. In most of the verses, whenever she is mentioned by name, she is usually seen as a virtuous court lady with utmost beauty and charm. [146][147], Another Indian classical dance form, Kathakali was also influenced by Vaishnavism and Radha Krishna based Gita Govinda tradition which along with other factors contributed in the evolution of this dance form. [134] The Radha Rani Temple in Barsana host this festival in a grand manner as Basana is also considered as the birthplace of Radha. [15][16][17] Radha is also described as the feminine form of Krishna himself. Why Did Krishna Broke His Flute? - Orchestraxa Radhas deafness is often seen as a metaphor for her spiritual blindness. She is the avatar of Lakshmi and is also described as the chief of gopis (milkmaids). And my heart brooding eternally, parched for my dark darling, My Krishna. . [57], According to William Archer and David Kinsley, a professor of Religious Studies known for his studies on Hindu goddesses, the Radha-Krishna love story is a metaphor for a divine-human relationship, where Radha is the human devotee or soul who is frustrated with the past, obligations to social expectations, and the ideas she inherited, who then longs for real meaning, the true love, the divine (Krishna). Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? According to legend, Radha did not come into this world, but rather chose to live. Arundhati Reddy, Taniya Bhatia, and Radha Yadav are all seasoned Indian players. To me who am the Lord of All, O be attached, now always yours. In the hymnal Hita-Caurasi of Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu, the 16th-century bhakti poet-saint, founder of Radha Vallabh Sampradaya, Radharani is exalted to the status of the only ultimate deity, while her consort Krishna is just her most intimate subordinate. The festivities include fasting till afternoon (12 pm), abhishek and aarti of Radharani, offering her flowers, sweets and food items, singing songs, dancing and prayers dedicated to Radha. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia. Radha's connection to Krishna is of two types: svakiya-rasa (married relationship) and parakiya-rasa (a relationship signified with eternal mental "love"). Radha married Rajasekaran Nair on September 10, 1991, and the couple has three children, Karthika, Thulasi, and Vignesh. Krishna heard this incest from sage Narada and cursed Samba to be inflicted with leprosy and his wives to be kidnapped by robbers after his death. According to the Mahabharata, Sri Krishna and Rukmini gave birth to 10 sons named Pradyumna, Charudeshna, Sudeshna, Charudeh, Sucharu, Char, and they were the oldest and leading queens. [150] This dance form was originated in the temples. Later, Krishna feels devastated after Radha leaves. [148] The predominant theme of North Indian Kathak dancing lies in the fleeting appearances and longer stories of Radha and Krishna. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. Radha and Krishna were separated because of Shridhamas curse. Such splendor shone from her body that my eyes remained transfixed on her! Radha Rani Amber Indigo Ananda Mitchell is her birth name, and she is 47 years old at the time. [155], In culture of Odisha, Krishna is the cultural hero and his form Jagannath, is the symbol of Oriya pride. Pandey, who was part of India . Is Radha incarnation of Sita? - TimesMojo He asks . Here, Kesavdas compares the union of Radha and Krishna with that of Sita and Rama:-. An angry Radha started rebuking Lord Krishna. Who was Radha in her previous birth? [72], The Sanskrit scripture Brahma Vaivarta Purana describes Radha as the beautiful and youthful goddess having the molten golden complexion and wearing the garlands of gems and flowers. On . [68] Madhubani paintings are charismatic art of Bihar. Radha Chalisa mentions that Krishna accompanies one who chants "Radha" with a pure heart. It is commonly played and performed during the festivities in the villages and temples of Braj area. According to the medieval padavali poetry composed in Bengal, Radha was married to a man called Ayan, or Abhimanyu. Will Radha marry Ayan in this show? | Radha Krishna His royal house was called Bhoja; thus, another of his names was Bhojapati. To begin, Sri Krishna took a flute and began playing in a very harmonious manner. These women's stories were all shared on an Instagram thread after one Instagram user shared that she was most worried about having a bowel movement when in reality, one of her most embarrassing moments was letting out gas for 20 seconds while holding her newborn. The most famous Indian classical dance Manipuri Raas Leela was first introduced by King Bhagyachandra around 1779. According to doctrines attributed to Vaishnavite saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, It is said that, Krishna has three powers: the internal which is intelligence, the external which generates appearances and the differentiated which forms the individual soul. Kelly Osbourne shares first photo of baby son four months after birth The Love Story Of Radha And Krishna: The Birth Of Radha The Supreme Satyaki was more concerned with Rukmini, whereas Rukmini was more concerned with her. According to Garga Samhita and Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Radha also left her home post Krishna's departure and went to Kadli vann (forest) leaving behind her illusionary form (also called Chaya Radha, her shadow) in Barsana. In Rajput paintings, Radha is always dressed in more elegant way. In Jamu, Radhas village in western Nepal, her status is lower than a dogs, because she is menstruating. The Bhavishya Purana, the Skanda Purana and the Varaha Purana narrate that some of Krishnas junior wives were infatuated with Samba. Our dataset was constructed from a combination of public-use datasets and the Center of Disease Control's Compressed Mortality File. Krishna had asked Arjuna to take Subhadra to the deep end of a pond and push her in. Yes she will marry him. Lord Krishnas devotee Sridama curses Radha. It is said that Krishna was very naughty in his childhood and would often steal butter from the other gopis. Radha was born in Calcutta on November 11, 1925, to Vrishbhanu and Kirti. By this time Narada was beginning to enjoy himself. Untold facts about Lord Krishna and Radha - Iskcon Dwarka [109], In Narada Pancharatra Samhita, Radha is mentioned as the feminine form of Krishna. Kubja - Wikipedia She is worshiped as the goddess of love, tenderness, compassion and devotion. Why Is Krishna Loved By All? - Problem Solver X Krishna merged with her spiritual side. A known figure in Hindu imagination and faith, she entered the public consciousness in a big way through the Gita Govinda, an erotic composition by the 12th century Odiya poet, Jayadev. Surpanaka's penance is rewarded in her birth as Kubja, when her desire to unite with Rama is fulfilled. In Goloka, you are the goddess more dear to Krishna than life itself, His own Radhika. Some scriptures also mention her previous birth being Vedavati, a woman Ravana tries to molest. Womansclubofcarlsbad Because of not having born from the womb, Radha is also known as Ayonija. Radha, after Krishnas death, said she wanted to play the flute for the last time. According to legend, Radha was not born through the mothers womb, as Krishna was. During Krishna's youth, she appears as his lover and companion. Love consumed her to extent that once having fair complexion, Radha turned herself into Krishna's dark color. Radha and Lord Krishna are never separate: According to the believed facts, Radha is never separate from Lord Krishna. JN Tata's 184th Birth Anniversary | Lessons for startups from the pioneer, risk-taker and visionary. It is said that she was so in love with Krishna that she was blind to his faults. The love the gopis feel for Krishna is also described in this esoteric manner as the highest platform of spontaneous love of God, and not of a sexual nature.[125]. Rukmi was spared by Krsna, with the only Satyabhama was jealous of Rukmini when she was fully devoted to Krishna. Changes in the portrayal of Radha, as articulated in the Rasikapriya, have significant implications for later literary traditions. Date of Birth - May 12, 1989 | Age - 33. Various art forms based on Radha Krishna are majorly inspired by Gita Govinda and Rasikapriya. Radharani's superiority is seen in Krishna's flute, which repeats the name Radha. Svakiya rasa depicts the marital relationship which works according to the social rules and norms. Who Was Krishna Wife? (Perfect answer) - Opening hours of Indian temples [10][9] Many traditions and scriptures accord Radha the status of the eternal consort and wife of Krishna. She had not opened her eyes until Krishna appeared in his child form as she stood in front of him. Despite their differences in personality, both are frequently depicted as having a perfect relationship. Requesting her not to leave, he decided to fulfil any wish she wanted. A womans birth was not by accident. March 3, 2023. In the company of the Purusha ("Man", "Spirit", "Universal soul") Krishna, she is said to inhabit the Goloka, which is a world of cows and cowherds far above the Vishnu's Vaikuntha. Deep in the Vrinda forest, you are the mistress of mesmerizing rasa dance. In their traditional ways, they refer to the community as Ahir, or descendants of Barsana. According to Bhagavata Purana, after participating in the battle that resulted in the destruction of the remaining members of the Yadu dynasty, Balarama sat down and meditated for a long time. She is an intense, solitary, proud figure who is addressed as Sri, Candi, Manini, Bhamini and Kaamini. Rajput painting (1760), Radha Krishna with gopis. He later burns that part of his hand. A closely related theme of this art is lover looking at his beloved who is unaware of his presence. Her elder sister, Ambika, was also an actress. There is no doubt that the family is close, and they enjoy spending time together. [101][102], In Brahma Vaivarta Purana, Radha (or Rdhik), who is inseparable from Krishna, appears as the main goddess. Who Was The Wife Of Krishna? - Opening hours of Indian temples Radha stands outside the chhaupadi hut where she sleeps during her period. In Gita Govinda, it is not certain whether Radha was married or if she was an unmarried maiden. Her traits, manifestations, descriptions, and roles vary by region. Yes. Radha is said to have been born in a lotus and to have been discovered by Vrishbhanu and his wife Kirti. If "Sita is a queen, aware of her social responsibilities", states Pauwels, then "Radha is exclusively focused on her romantic relationship with her lover", giving two contrasting role models from two ends of the moral universe.