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Dick Clark 80th Birthday and American Bandstand Dancers Reunion November 2009. The men sat on chairs against the walls of the studio and the girls sometimes knelt in front of them and pleasured them. Black kids from Overbrook High would come also. Never content with spinning just the one genre, he weaves together everything from jazz to juke to jungle, from dub to dancehall to dubstep ? The Beach Boys were already the kings of surf pop by their first appearance on American Bandstand in 1964. , a popular though controversial TV program targeted toward teenage consumers, marked Philadelphia as the national epicenter of pop music during its seven-year run at ABCs affiliated WFIL-TV at 4548 Market St. ABC-affiliate WFIL-TV at 4548 Market St. broadcast Dick Clarks. Arlene and Kenny first danced to "Why Don't You Understand" by George Hamilton IV. For more about your favorite dancers, read Bandstand Diaries. For more about your favorite dancers, read Bandstand Diaries. And Bandstands history included lurid sex with minors that hasnt been explored publicly, until now in Part Two of this story. Horn said he went to her home once for a party. When Horn was arrested for drunk-driving on June 21, 1956, hardly anyone aside from station staffers and music industry insiders knew about his sexual life, and it didnt come to light even then. I went to Alan Freeds concerts at the Paramount and black kids didnt show up there either. Dick ClarksAmerican Bandstand, a popular though controversial TV program targeted toward teenage consumers, marked Philadelphia as the national epicenter of pop music during its seven-year run at ABCs affiliated WFIL-TV at 4548 Market St. ABC-affiliate WFIL-TV at 4548 Market St. broadcast Dick ClarksAmerican Bandstandto a national audience of teenage consumers from 1957 to 1964. He had become District Attorney when Richardson Dilworth resigned that office to successfully run for mayor in 1955. Paul Thomas is a black who started dancing on the show in 1961 and says that black kids occasionally came and there was some mixed group dancing starting in the early 1960s. Allison said it never happened and his wife provided him with an alibi, consisting of a log she kept of his activities. At the time, I didnt know it was racism to go somewhere and not get let in. The programs first host was Bob Horn. When Horns personal indiscretions led to his ouster from Bandstand in 1956, he was replaced by the more youthful, slimmer, squeaky clean Dick Clark. For more on friendship read Bandstand Diaries: www.bandstanddiaries.com #americanbandstand #bandstanddiaries #bestfriends #nostalgia #fashion #book #vintage, Here is Anna Russo Bonanni who was one of the last Regulars who danced on Philadelphia's American Bandstand in 1963. Pelculas Series Personas Noticias. People were routinely arrested when they drove across a state border and had sex. The station advertised, Troubles in town, sporting the monicker of Steve Allison. The show was still seen mid-afternoons five days a week on the ABC television network. Hi Carmen, I'm 74 years old. He announced that the luncheon was being postponed because there was a labor dispute at the restaurant and city officials didnt want to cross any possible picket line. They wouldnt get up unless the bunny hop was playing. For the most part, the white kids from West Catholic and Roman Catholic, etc., were intimidated when we got on the floor. The sad truth, though, is that the kids who danced to the records appeared to be almost all white. Clark revamped Horns show for national broadcast by ABC. He has remained friends with many Regulars. Valino was convicted and his singing career virtually ended. But then some people at the station worried that the program could become identified as a black show. The SIX Show concert tickets in Branson - Buy The SIX Show tickets for an upcoming events at Dick Clark's American Bandstand Theater in Branson, Missouri on Thu Jul 20, 2023 - 03:00 PM. I never saw him drunk or rude or vulgar., Several of these men agree that they all were virgins then. Personal life. Frank Spagnuola, a white Italian-American, was a Bandstand regular. He was 30 when Bandstand went on the air and says Horn played some of our music, but mainly he aimed for a wider audience and the black kids didnt get much out of it. The number one song was whatever he said it was, and it usually was whatever would bring him the most profit. If only this man stopped where Maxine drew the line, then she wouldnt have gone to the cops, then Horn would not have been investigated, then he would have remained on Bandstand and Dick Clark may not have become a star, etcetera, etcetera and so on. On the other hand, Blancs total and Blancs margin of victory was not anywhere near what his predecessor, Richardson Dilworth, had achieved in 1951. This show debuted on television from 2:45 to 5 p.m. on October 7, 1952. Here he is pictured with Kenny Rossi. ENJOY, AND THANKS FOR THE BIRTHDAY WISHES! http://www.bandstanddiaries.com #americanbandstand #bandstanddiaries #nostalgia #television #book #author #philadelphia, Arlene going on an adventure. The author worked at three radio and television stations involved in this report. Philadelphia American Bandstand Regular Billy Cook shows us his style of the Fast Dance as it was called on Bandstand/American Bandstand (Jitterbug/Lindy Hop) as done on Bandstand in the early days of its Philadelphia years. She took a variety of dance lessons when she was young, including tap, modern and ballet. So if a majority of the attendees came from the Catholic schools, that made the audience overwhelmingly white. It seems curious that a public official needed to rent a private headquarters, but Blanc felt that some city officials, if they knew what he was doing, would tip off their friends who were being investigated. Public high schools were more integrated 72% white when Bandstand started, according to Philadelphia School District statistics. The English Beat 1983 1 On American Bandstand Old Tv Music Photo. In the course of his probe Blanc discovered connections between many disparate people. The Bandstand dancers, on the other hand, were fond of him. The next day Bill Sylk owner of WPEN and the Sun Ray Drug chain called Walter Annenberg and said If you steal my talent Ill pull a million dollars of Sun Ray advertising out of the Inquirer. After that threat, WFIL withdrew its offer to us and that was the end of that.. Some of the Allison crowd got involved, also, with an aspiring model named Maxine Milder. A postscript was added a decade later in California. One of the gifts from them was Lois. #americanbandstand #bandstanddiaries #nostalgia #patmolliteri, Co-author Arlene Sullivan as a Regular opening some of her fan mail delivered daily to the show. He died in 1968 at the age of 71. The white kids had no problem with the new dress code. Disgraced in Philadelphia, the 41-year-old Allison found employment at radio station at WWDC in Washington. On one of those jobs Lois gave oral sex to one of the Allison crowd for $40 and on another job had sex with a man for a hundred dollars, all this when she was 15 and in the midst of her relationship with Horn. For more about your favorite dancers, read Bandstand Diaries: www.bandstanddiaries.com #americanbandstand #bandstanddiaries #dickclark #book #philadelphia #nostalgia #telephone, Having started dancing on Bandstand during the Bob Horn days, did you know Rosemary "Little Ro" Fergione Siermine was 11 years old at the time? This site is maintained by American Bandstand Dancers Hal L. Landau, Linda D. Gonzales & Bunny Gibson And. From 1957 right on up to the advent of the MTV era in the '80s, teenagers (and eternal teenagers) usually caught their first glimpse of whichever stars were just getting their radio breakthroughs. Horn signed some of them to his own record label which he started with the help of a group of businessmen and musicians including Nat Segall, Artie Singer, Bernie Lowe and Harry Chipetz. Locations Atlanta Tickets Boston Tickets Chicago Tickets . He asked me to be on the committee and be an example for others. The Mann Act was law, barring anyone from transporting a person across state lines for an immoral act, even when it was consensual. District Attorney Victor Blanc was a friend of my fathers who appeared to be intelligent and reasonable. Our mottos are Dance To Express, Not To I A family member revealed that one day Horn felt so depressed that he put a pistol in his mouth and his wife had to talk him out of committing suicide. Horn didnt act like a star, he says. A big studio was on the ground floor, which WPEN used for the 950 Club in the afternoon and for Steve Allisons talk program at night, while the stations offices were on the second floor. Any place there's dancing, I'll still go, said Joe Fusco, who was 15 when he joined the show. In this, he was way ahead of his time and ahead of whats seen in the show Hairspray. He usually brought some of his young clients with him and arranged dates photographic and otherwise for them. I dont think anyone kept them out; they just didnt come., Bunny Gibson was a dancer on the show for two-and-a-half years in the mid-50s. He was born Lee Shulman and started his career as an ad salesman. It was their thing. Theres an El stop there and we used to watch the kids line up. It became integrated in 1957 because I elected to make it so, he was being outrageously simplistic. These kids invented new dance steps and made The Bunny Hop and The Bristol Stomp popular. So, simultaneously, the DA was investigating Horn, Allison and Valino and people associated with them, and everything came to a head, so to speak, at the same time. Horn was from the old school, a radio announcer conversant with varied forms of music, from semi-classical to pop. Tallulah Dancier is a black woman who started watching the show around that time: I would hurry home and watch Bandstand as I did my homework. Sort of healthy trouble. Once or twice on each program, Horn would intone: Weve got company and a recording artist would appear on the set to lip-synch to his or her record. Stewart had no charisma and eventually was dropped from the program. Buy cheap The Six Show Tickets in Branson, MO at Dick Clark's American Bandstand Theater - 3/3/2023 8:00PM. Dorothy said that she did it willingly. Yet, as the third and fourth stories in this collection show, there was a downside toAmerican BandstandsPhiladelphia years. "American Bandstand" dancer Richard Pierce served in Vietnam before settling in Anchorage, Alaska, in the early 1980s. He said Name your salary. So we asked our station manager for a release and he said hed talk to the stations owner. One early photo shows the studio with an audience that was almost half black. Created by Chris Thompson and starring Bella Thorne and Zendaya, the show follows the adventures of CeCe Jones (Bella Thorne) and Rocky Blue (Zendaya) as they star as background dancers on a local show, Shake It Up Chicago. The sex-with-minors angle was too shocking for public consumption, and the station didnt dare to reveal it. But Dorothy provided some shocking testimony, saying that she and Allison repeated their sexual acts on several other nights, and that he once asked her to drink some water and try to urinate on him. The following year, ABC television picked up and renamed the show. Accordi per American Bandstand 1968 - TOP 10 - Love Is Blue, Paul Mauriat & His Orchestra. Bob was a PR pro who really knew how to spin a story. Also, the kids danced to Whitemans live band, not to records. EN ES DE FR. ES. For more about your favorite dancers, and life after Bandstand read Bandstand Diaries. People who hung out at WPEN learned that Allison had a yen for women who wore white, like waitresses and nurses. We stopped going and so did the black girls, for the most part.. American Bandstand 1960s Dance Partners Barbara Warchol & Bruce Richard - YouTube 0:00 / 5:44 American Bandstand 1960s Dance Partners Barbara Warchol & Bruce Richard ABdancers 6.91K. Pelculas Series Personas Noticias. Clipp called Grady and me to his office, Hurst related, and asked us to start in two weeks. Some of the kids would jitterbug in an impromptu fashion while Grady and Hurst played popular records on the air. For all about the lifelong friendships and memories with the Regulars, read Bandstand Diaries. 24 talking about this. A small table was next to the hosts platform, where guest performers would sit and sign autographs. American Bandstand didn't just introduce the country to the latest rock-and-roll musicians, it had the nation on its feet with the latest dance crazes, such as the Pony, the Jitterbug, and the . Bob Adleman, the public relations man for WPEN, arranged an elegant event at Longchamps Restaurant on Rittenhouse Square where Allison would accept the honor. Thursday evening?s Showtime.Matt + band ? Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. #americanbandstand #bandstanddiaries #nostalgia #television #philadelphia #carolescaldeferri #fashion #vintage, A popular Regular we remember with love, Frani Giordano danced on American Bandstand from 1956 to 1960. I always thought Horn did a poor job relating to the kids. For seven years kids had been coming to WPEN at 1522 Walnut Street and riding the elevator to spend a couple of hours at their club, which was a small studio on the top floor without windows. A similar program later went on the air in Baltimore, and that inspired a John Waters film and the stage musical Hairspray. There were trysts of another Jacobs model and another WPEN announcer, and other girls had encounters with a publicist and a photographer, respected professionals who were in love with their wives and felt they were just having some harmless, job-related fun on the side. But inside the studio, at the end of each show, committee members gave out reservations for future programs. On the Billboard Hot 100 this week 1) Tossin and Turnin Bobby Lewis 2) I Like It Like That Chris Kenner 3) The Boll Weevil Song Brook Benton 4) Dum Dum Brenda Lee 5) Hats Off To Larry Del Shannon 38) Stand By Me Ben E. King The Bandstand Top 10 today (I can only see the first 8) 1) Lets Twist Again Chubby Checker 2) School Is Out Gary (U.S) Bonds 3) Last Night The Mar-keys 4) Dum Dum Brenda Lee 5) Pretty Little Angel Eyes Curtis Lee 6) Hats Off To Larry Del Shannon 7) Tossin and Turnin Bobby Lewis 8) I Like It Like That Chris Kenner Thank you for watching!_______________________________ This is dedicated to my dad who, through our long car trips together listening to oldies radio (950 KJR Seattle) and by listening to his Turtles (and other) records when I was a kid, first inspired my passion for the wonderful music of the 1960s. But Horn also was the bad guy who allowed blacks to be systematically excluded when it looked as if their dancing might dominate the show. We would do dances like the slop, bop, slow drag and the grind, which originated in the black dance halls. 1964 - The Beach Boys - "Don't Worry, Baby". Register or Buy Tickets, Price information. Cuz Bongiorno became a regular at Bandstand early in 1953. Hed take me home to spend weekends with his family in Levittown and in the summer Id be the cabin boy on his boat at Stone Harbor., Dave Feldman also started coming in 1953. They enjoyed walks in the park , and going to the drive-in movies with Barbara Leveick and her boyfriend at the time. When Dick Clark found out about it he was furious and banished them from attending his show forever. AU $5.00 (approx US $3.36)Australia Post International Economy Air. You are bidding on a Lot of 8 American Bandstand Trading Cards 283952355685 late 1950s American Bandstand Regulars. This system permitted the show to legally turn away anyone without the pass while at the same time maintain the lily white studio audience since the passes were only distributed at the all-white West Catholic High School For Boys and the all-white West Catholic High School For Girls. Party Rockers Dance Reality and Party Rockers Tween Scene are the two hottest dance shows to hit the Delaware Valley. After Bandstand she enrolled in acting school and modeled.For more dancers read Bandstand Diaries: www.bandstanddiaries.com #americanbandstand #bandstanddiaries #nostalgia #janethamill #book #philadelphia, Here is Ed Kelly who was a dancer on American Bandstand from 1959-1961. Horn would tell them that he wanted cases of whiskey, and named his brands. International shipment of items may be subject to customs processing and additional charges. So Horn, in a way, was the good guy who had no ethnic prejudice and who had blacks and whites in equal numbers in the early days of Bandstand. Anna became close friends with Steve Lewis when she went on the show. One man, convicted and fined fifty dollars, went on to a career as a philanthropist and supporter of political candidates up to the 21st century. But soon WFIL built the set that became famous, which is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution, simulating a corner of a music store. Seven months after his first DUI incident, and just before he was to go on trial on the morals charges, Horn was charged again with drunk-driving when he sped his Cadillac the wrong way up a one-way street in North Philadelphia. When he ran dances out-of-town he always made sure that each of us had rides to get there and back. If Clipp couldnt get those people, he nevertheless could steal their format. And everyone at ABC Television tried to ignore the programs first years. Dick Clark's American Bandstand Theater, Branson, Missouri. When the program moved to California, it presented its first regular dancer who was black. (I was in his office as he wrote it. Dance Tickets Family Tickets Cirque Tickets Other Tickets. Epoxy Flooring UAE; Floor Coating UAE; Self Leveling Floor Coating; Wood Finishes and Coating; Functional Coatings. This site is maintained by American Bandstand Dancers Hal L. Landau, Linda D. Gonzales & Bunny Gibson And American Bandstand Fan Club President David Frees 8,712 people like this 8,612 people follow this http://www.americanbandstanddancers.com/ Local Business Photos See all Videos See all 0:06 It reflected the fact that Horn played big band recordings by Harry James, Tommy Dorsey and other similar artists. I would think, that with the off-season moves the dugout dance party will also end. The marker stands opposite 4548 Market Street (not shown here), which once housed WFIL-TVand its Studio B, the original home of American Bandstand. EN PT DE FR. It was thought that he could bring some of his clients on board as advertisers. Floor Coatings. Check out our american bandstand dancers selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. She liked to pose for photos the kind you could not take to your drugstore to get developed and she would do some other things, but would not allow sexual intercourse because she had a boyfriend and didnt want to cheat on him. No, the black people who went in that building were there to clean up, as cleaning people. petite, less than 100 pounds, with a big bosom. Bob got one of his friends to write a song for me, Since I Met Him at the Senior Dance, and Bob paid for me to take singing lessons. Please note the delivery estimate is greater than 19 business days. When Blancs campaign was launched, friends of Walter Annenberg hoped that the DA would find some dirt on WPENs popular night-time talk host, Steve Allison, because Allison often criticized Annenberg and the Inquirer. 95K subscribers Subscribe 10K 415K views 1 year ago Happy 60th anniversary of. One of the regular attendees at the broadcasts was Bernie Jacobs, a man who ran a modeling agency. #americanbandstand #bandstanddiaries #nostalgia #philadelphia #holiday #holidaygift #vintage, Bobbi Young appeared on Bandstand and American Bandstand from 1953-1958. He gave special attention to local singers including Sunny Gale, Gloria Mann, Georgie Shaw and Micki Marlo. Steves a one-man F. B. I., Fearless Broadcast Investigator. Dance Tickets Family Tickets Cirque Tickets Other Tickets. Fortunately for the station, when Horn got in trouble the clean-cut Dick Clark was on staff and able to take over. 1,010 American Bandstand Dancers Premium High Res Photos Browse 1,010 american bandstand dancers stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. He personally picked the kids to be on the committee by watching us dance and seeing how we got along with people. Menu. The Getty Images design is a trademark of Getty Images. Tony Mammarella had to calm them down. When Dick Clark wrote in his 1976 autobiography, Bandstand was a segregated show for years. Kenny loved to sing. Dorothy she of the Allison incidents testified that she stripped and played a game called 69 with Wordens wife at Hound Dog Hill while guests took photos of the two of them together. Horn loved jazz, especially Dizzy Gillespie, Erroll Garner and Sarah Vaughan, and he produced Vaughans first Philadelphia concert. But just like a lot of today's showmances are concocted, many of the Bandstand boppers were harboring a big secret: They were gay. Eventually AmericanBandstand deserted Philadelphia and moved three thousand miles away. On Thursday, for the first time in a quarter century, 27 of the original Bandstand dancers, including Joe, Kenny, Arlene, Carole, Flossie and Jim, reunited to rehearse their steps for a rock 'n' roll celebration over Labor Day weekend in Philadelphia. Coincidence played a major role in this drama. He admitted that he gave her birthday presents a record player one year and one hundred dollars cash another year. American Bandstand (TV Series 1952-1989) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. This went on for almost three years, sometimes in a radio studio while Horns records were spinning on the air. I dont know why, but black kids didnt want to come., Doris Wilson was a young teenager when Bandstand was in Philadelphia. She won 2 dance contests with Tex Connor jitterbugging and slow dancing. His conversation with them was stilted; he never associated with them as equals. When I told Hooks how alcohol brought about the fall of Bob Horn, he said it suddenly made him understand why Clark felt so strongly about drunkenness. So, when he went on TV, Bandstand was the obvious choice for a name. Bob Horn complimented me on my dancing ability and for the way I dressed. Although Clark was relatively new at his job, he took a strong stand and told the affiliates that hed make no changes to meet their objections and so blacks did appear, but infrequently. Making out in the back seat or copping a feel is the most that any of us ever did.. 01 Mar 2023 18:16:18 For example, Bernie Jacobs, the man who ran the modeling agency and set Steve Allison up with his accuser, also arranged modeling jobs for Lois, Horns accuser. I knew sooner or later I would get to go on the show. A funeral director in Newtown Square confirmed Monday night that Mrs. Spada had died, but declined to divulge the details before meeting with her family. Horn personally selected the committee, and he happened to choose only white kids to serve on it. ES. After Bandstand, Charlette became an accountant and was a business manager. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. She has an uncanny way of getting to know people. He was very friendly. Walter Annenberg, who owned WFIL and the Philadelphia Inquirer and TV Guide, asked his station manager, Roger Clipp, in the summer of 1952 to try a dance program aimed at teenagers. The show would air immediately after school when kids were home without parental supervision. Stanley J. These were the guys I met during my first job in radio, in the music library at WIP, and whom I saw accompanying Horn during his nighttime radio show when I later worked at WFIL. Clark revamped Horns show for national broadcast by ABC. From 1965 to 1967 Dick Clark also produced a show called Shebang which spotlighted a Mexican-American regular, Manuel Acosta, who slow-danced with a blonde white girl named Lynn. For more read Bandstand Diaries. After you got a committee card you didnt have to wait in line to get into the show. Carole Ann Scaldeferri Spada, 70, of Newtown Square, a regular dancer on American Bandstand from 1957 to 1961, has died. Senator Estes Kefauver, who was running for Vice President in 1956. One night he asked one of his models to put on something white, then introduced her to Allison. Our parents didnt teach us what was going on.. BERTIES BANDSTAND. At WFIL they thought: What a wonderful idea for TV! He died in Hollywood in 1969, age 53. But I had to take a double-take when they showed black people in the stands, she says. Ill bet she knows more artists in the business than I do.. But he was an ambitious politician. This, however, was basically a talent show and dancing was secondary. She just walks up and introduces herself. Later, Ro bought Justine and Arlene onto the show as they lived in the same area. Hosted By Egyptian American Society - Bay Area. I am not sure of girl on the far left--looks like Betty Romantini but not positive). A low-budget sexploitation film called Models, Inc. was distributed by Philadelphia film executive Jack Harris. 3y. That's why Elvis Presley and Ricky Nelson would never appear on the show, but movie stars - Jeff Chandler, Tab Hunter, Sal Mineo - came." Dancing came naturally to Sullivan, the way it did to all Regulars, she says. On Sunday at 2am, construction of the Berlin Wall will officially begin. Before long there were black kids dancing as regulars and American Bandstand was one of the few television shows where I would get to see black people as artists.. Clark inherited WFILs local television show, (1952-56) from the deejay Bob Horn, who proved that teenagers liked watching their peers dance. Consequently, black teens were in effect erased from the national youth culture that formed aroundAmerican Bandstand. American Bandstand was an American music-performance show that aired in various versions from 1952 to 1989 and was hosted from 1956 un. I was asked to be a character witness at his trial and I testified that he never tried anything with us. Did you know that when Dick Clark announced her Sweet 16 birthday party on air, it turned into mayhem when kids from all over Philadelphia showed up? Allison then moved to California. Teenagers sat in rows on bleachers that were assembled on one side of the studio. Bob became like a second father to me. If he did that stuff he was accused of, we never knew about it.. Her husband, Richard Spada, said Mrs. Spada was recovering from a minor stroke she had suffered earlier when she became ill on the way . Philadelphia In the late 1950s and early '60s, everyone knew Bob and Justine, Kenny and Arlene, and Ed and Bunny. To put this in perspective, when the later-to-become-famous Ed Rendell was elected District Attorney in 1977 his vote total was much less than Blancs only 212,000. Barbara Marcen Wilston danced at the show from 1953 to 1959. But our Philadelphia program had a history of racial exclusion that was more complex and more interesting. It was just his shtick. Dave Feldman, a Bandstand dancer, suggests one reason why so many of the kids came from Catholic schools: "They were taught that dancing was wrong, and especially that girls shouldn't dance on television, so they did it to rebel." Also, the closest school to the studio, geographically, was a Catholic one. When I look at video of you dancing on the show, I still am awestruck. stage to black R&B and rock n roll performers, he and his producers segregated the studios dance floor and white teenagers adapted black dances for white audiences. His demeanor was haughty. Her notes said that his guests that night were movie star Denise Darcel and crooner Johnny Desmond and that he went home immediately after the broadcast. At least three factors are important to note regarding the last three years ofAmerican Bandstandin West Philadelphia: the 1960 payola scandal, the reality behind the shows happy faces, and developments in the pop music industry that affected the show and compelled its relocation in 1964 to Los Angeles in a reduced version. Every day after school, we would head for the TV studio which was near my high school West Philly High. Models Inc. was based on a Senate investigation of modeling schools, and in its original form the film opened with a statement by U.S. Believe it or not, at that time the show looked like a black blue-light basement party because our crowd would take over the floor when we showed up. American Bandstand Regulars Elvis Presley Dancers Bobbi Backstage Clark Dick Bobbi Young appeared on Bandstand and American Bandstand from 1953-1958. Jerry Blavat, then a youngster on the committee, reports that he turned Horn on to Sh-Boom by The Chords, Little Darling by the Gladiolas and Earth Angel by The Penguins (all were black groups.)