structure of military government in nigeria structure of military government in nigeria

Top Degrees The United States established diplomatic relations with Nigeria in 1960, following Nigeria's independence from the United Kingdom. Obasanjo had successfully handed over to Alhaji Shehu Shagari in 1979 but he was overthrown in the 31 st December 1983 by the General Muhammad Buhari. The military derives pleasure in passing harsh laws (draconian laws) which sometimes take retroactive effect. It serves as check and balance on the executive and legislative branch of the Nigerian government structure. After this coup, the Military Government maintained its place over the next decade but this rule was not without some drama. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. note: data are in current year dollars, India 16%, Spain 10%, United States 7%, France 7%, Netherlands 6% (2019), crude petroleum, natural gas, scrap vessels, flexible metal tubing, cocoa beans (2019), $66.107 billion (2021 est.) (male 3,635,334/female 4,123,030), total dependency ratio: 86youth dependency ratio: 80.6elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18 (2021 est. They have the following duties to perform: Now, lets talk about the arms of government in Nigeria. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition. The governor assigns public responsibilities to his commissioners and advisers, to help in serving the state better. Particularly, due to the fact that many of the leaders and military officers murdered during that coup were northerners. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? There were several failed coups. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. [38] Nigeria has contributed more than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Supreme military council was created by Muhammed Buhari while Muritala Muhammed. Nigeria is a republic with a federal democracy and an executive president. Nigeria is divided administratively into the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) and 36 states, which are organized into the following six geo-political zones: South-West ZoneLagos, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo, Oshun, and Oyo; South-South ZoneAkwa, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Ibom, and Rivers; South-East ZoneAbia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo; Regime type. President Muhammadu Buhari's over-due reforms aren't yet enough to turn an under-resourced, over-stretched and corrupt army back into a professional force. Each state has a governor that can serve for 4 years in a term. The people should resist military rule through peaceful mass disobedience. Each local government area is governed by a local government council. It is called the State House of Assembly. Altogether 38 soldiers and 1 civilian were executed by firing squad as a result of their involvement in this coup. This LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL comprises of the local government chairman, who is the C. E. O of the local government areas (a president at the local government level), and his Councillors, other elected members (like ministers too but at the local government level). The policies that govern the country cutting across the states to the lowest level of government are formed at the federal level. However, Government class teachers should teach this topic within 1 week depending on your school timetable or schedule. The state governments receive more than half their money from federal government and also collects taxes. )biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Military rule in Nigeria first started on January 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the NPC-NNDP government and killed many of the countrys political rulers. [16][17][18][19], The origin of the Nigerian Armed Forces lies in the elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force, that became Nigerian, when independence was granted in 1960. We have JSS & SSS lesson notes. )13.25% (2020 est. After realizing revenue from various sources, the federal government is responsible for the following basic duties: States were created to achieve effective administration of resources and to serve as a closer link for the people to access the benefits of the federal government. Found this to be helpful? 100)FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541email address and website: info@nigeriaembassyusa.orghttps://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD (since24 December 2019)embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abujamailing address: 8320 Abuja Place, Washington DC 20521-8320telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036email address and website: AbujaACS@state.govhttps://ng.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Lagos, three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity, name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B.A. ), lowest 10%: 1.8%highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est. )other: 12.5% (2018 est. Government Structure In 1999, after decades of intermittent military control, Nigeria adopted constitutional reforms that reinstated a civilian government. Idang, Gordon J. )methane emissions: 143.99 megatons (2020 est. This election was seen as Nigeria's most technologically advanced, with INEC deploying an electronic voter accreditation system and results-viewing portal that would enhance transparency and . A necessary atmosphere should be created for the conduct of free and fair elections. )permanent pasture: 33.3% (2018 est. It was usually presided over by the Chief of Staff supreme headquarters. The military history of Nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st October 1966. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.03 (2020 est. Age structure 0-14 years: 40.69% (male 47,978,838/female 45,940,446) 15-64 years: 55.95% (male 64,923,147/female 64,241,948) 65 years and over: 3.36% (2023 est.) (male 3,635,334/female 4,123,030) 2022 population pyramid Dependency ratios ), total: 3.7% (2020 est. )-$13.685 billion (2019 est. The cabinet members include 36 ministers, each chosen from the 36 states of Nigeria by the president. The senate president is assisted by the deputy senate president in the guidance and regulation of the proceedings in the senate. Jun 29, 2022. ogden clinic cardiology . The military history of Nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1 st October 1966. N.J. Miners, The Nigerian Army 195666, Methuen and Co. Ltd, London, 1971. It can be prevented if politicians learn to avoid mismanagement of public funds. In 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces. Each ministry has a permanent secretary, a senior civil servant. This includes the acquisition of new armored vehicles, combat aircraft and aerial reconnaissance drones, and the refurbishing of naval vessels, which had suffered from a prolonged periods of poor or minimal maintenance. )beer: 0.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Construction and maintenance of roads, street drains, parks, open spaces, and other public highways. )imports: 0 kWh (2019 est. Developing and maintaining of external relations. )consumption: 18,787,602,000 cubic meters (2019 est. It is ranked last in the world on the UN Development Programme's Human Development Index. Most members of the SMC under Gowon were state governors. )$4,900 (2020 est. ), $4,900 (2021 est. It is composed of the Head of State, Chief of General Staff, Minister of Defense; service chiefs of the Army, Air force and Navy, Inspector General of Police, Attorney General and all military Governors. The federal level is presided over by the President. Provision of basic amenities like education, quality and affordable health care, good water, good roads, etc. It can also be prevented through accountability and transparency on the part of politicians. Establishment of research institutes, educational institutions, health care facilities, etc. Nigeria is dominantly made of three prominent regions: the North (Hausa Fulani), the West (Yorubas) and the East (Igbos) with minorities in other regions.The military took over the leadership. It has thirty-six states, one federal territory, and . Olusegun Obasanjo, who by 1999, had become president, bemoaned the fact in his inaugural address that year: " Professionalism has been lost my heart bleeds to see the degradation in the proficiency of the military. ), improved: urban: 81.6% of populationrural: 41.4% of populationtotal: 62.3% of populationunimproved: urban: 18.4% of populationrural: 58.6% of populationtotal: 37.7% of population (2020 est. The reforms were informed by the objective consideration of the Udoji Commission Report of 1974. Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. "The Politics of Nigerian Foreign Policy: The Ratification and Renunciation of the Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement." ), women married by age 15: 15.7%women married by age 18: 43.4%men married by age 18: 3.2% (2018 est. ), household consumption: 80% (2017 est. [9][10] Nigeria's Armed Forces would continue to remain an active element in combat operations throughout the African continent over the proceeding decades, with bobs )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. It has seen its changes to military regime to democracy era, including the good and bad sides of these regimes. Local government must be a legal entity distinct from the state and federal government. Nigeria is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic training and military production capabilities. ), -$1.849 billion (2021 est. The first one was in 1986, just a year after Ibrahim Babangida was sworn into power, Major General Mamman Vatsa had led a coup to overthrow the government of President Babangida but this coup failed. )$42.839 billion (31 December 2018 est. It has two chambers: the upper chamber, and the lower chamber. ), production: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est. The governor, deputy governor, and commissioners make up the STATE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. Class: Senior (SS3) ), total population: 61.79 yearsmale: 59.93 yearsfemale: 63.75 years (2023 est. The National Assembly serve as check on the executive arm of the government. A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. The Judiciary: This is headed by the Chief Justice of the country and various Judges of the court of appeal and high court. Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. Creation of employment opportunities, enabling environment for businesses to thrive at any level. Also Read: Updated list of 20 local governments in Lagos state and their wards. Interestingly, the Ernest Shonekan led administration had been set up as an interim government due to pressures on the Babangida led administration from both international and local quarters. [25] The Nigerian Army has been playing a major role in defence of Nigerian Democracy since the first republic till date. ), fresh water lake(s): Lake Chad (endorheic lake shared with Niger, Chad, and Cameroon) - 10,360-25,900 sq kmnote - area varies by season and year to year, Niger river mouth (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, Benin, and Niger) - 4,200 kmnote [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth, Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km)Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km), Lake Chad Basin, Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest as shown in this population distribution map, the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea, Hausa 30%, Yoruba 15.5%, Igbo (Ibo) 15.2%, Fulani 6%, Tiv 2.4%, Kanuri/Beriberi 2.4%, Ibibio 1.8%, Ijaw/Izon 1.8%, other 24.9% (2018 est. In October 2004, the Nigerian troops were deployed to Darfur, Sudan, to spearhead an African Union force, to stop the genocide in Darfur. Register or login to make commenting easier. The National Defence Council has been in existence since 1979 and advises the President on matters relating to the armed forces. The Nigerian Air force is currently headed by Air Marshal Isiaka Oladayo Amao. The coup plotters were later arrested and duly executed. )government consumption: 5.8% (2017 est. Every Nigerian citizen must know about the government structure and to help you grasp the structure of the Nigerian government, this article presents all you need to know as it comes with texts, images and video. Prior to this coup, many of the high ranking officials in the military felt that the first coup had been carried out to favour the Igbo people. Perhaps democracy derives power from the base of the pyramid - from the people over there. ECOWAS, Promotion of National Integration e.g.NYSC, Change of driving pattern from Left to Right, Was responsible for the Nigeria Civil war, There was absence of independence of the Judiciary, Mismanagement and wastage of public funds, Inability to conduct reliable and acceptable census, The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, LESSON NOTE ON JSS2 BASIC SCIENCE FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS2 BASIC SCIENCE LESSON NOTE, LESSON NOTE ON JSS2 MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS2 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTE, LESSON NOTE ON JSS1 MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS1 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTE. Topic: Structure And Weaknesses Of Military Rule In Nigeria Some of these threats include the ongoing conflict against the jihadist rebel group, Boko Haram in northeastern Nigeria, which has been in effect since July 2009. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy. This is an inter-service Operational Team, comprising members of the army, navy, and air force to combat terrorism in the Niger Delta. The president appoints minister to each of the federal ministries. Each state has its local government areas into which it is divided into. Interesting History: List of all Nigerian presidents from 1960 till date, The state government level of the Nigerian government structure is divided into 36 states and 1 territory. However, the Buhari Government was in power for just 20 months as Major General Ibrahim Babangida would later stage a coup on the 27thof August 1985 leading to the ouster of the Buhari-led Government. )consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Constitution: Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. National Economic Council. Increased educational attainment, especially among women, and improvements in health care are needed to encourage and to better enable parents to opt for smaller families. One of the survivors of the coup, Olusegun Obasanjo, succeeded Muritala Mohammed and he promptly set up civilian government and the state of affairs was maintained until 1983. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).