which countries use the cyrillic alphabet which countries use the cyrillic alphabet

The archetypal 33 (or 32, depending on your view of the status of ) letter Cyrillic alphabet is actually AFAIK only used by Russian. Omissions? The Cyrillic script (/ s r l k / sih-RIL-ik), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia.It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia. Instead, these are represented by the digraphs , u, and , respectively. Cyrillic is derived from the Greek uncial script, augmented by letters from the older Glagolitic alphabet, including some ligatures. Each Cyrillic alphabetic character has a pair consisting of an uppercase letter and a lowercase letter. For the writing system as a whole, see, See the notes for each language for details, mid (2002), pp. Tatar has used Cyrillic since 1939, but the Russian Orthodox Tatar community has used Cyrillic since the 19th century. What is more, this alphabet is the sole official script across the EUs eastern border, in Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. Cyrillic is a co-official or official script in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia, which may join the EU in the coming decade, which are post-Yugoslav. It, and by extension its descendants, differs from the East Slavic ones in that the alphabet has generally been simplified: Letters such as , , and , representing /ja/, /ju/, and /jo/ in Russian, respectively, have been removed. Macedonian. El 24 de mayo se celebra el Da del alfabeto cirlico, un da muy especial para todos los fanticos de los idiomas en Duolingo y para los casi 250 millones de hablantes de idiomas que usan el sistema de escritura cirlico. Hello , your registration is almost complete. Estos son dos de mis favoritos: El cirlico puede parecer un poco chocante al principio, en especial cuando te encuentras con varios caracteres poco familiares a la vez, pero no te desanimes! While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Peoples of some Slavic countries and of the former Soviet Union and Mongolia. Historically, the Croatian language briefly used the Cyrillic script in areas with large Croatian language or Bosnian language populations.[4]. The Greek alphabet was originally the Greek alphabet with various changes . ), it never indicates /j/ in native words. . In order to Christianize the tribes of the Eastern Europe, as ordered by their Emperor Michael III, he, along with his brother Methodius, embarked upon the herculean task of translating the Holy Bible into Slavic languages. On this page are stamps inscribed using Cyrillic writing. The Cyrillic alphabet is, like the Roman alphabet (that you are reading . It only stands next to Latin and the Greek scripts as the important official scripts in the European Union. He cleverly took a large number of alphabets from other world languages. Luego de que el hijo de Boris, Simen I, adoptara el recin creado alfabeto cirlico para los blgaros en el 893, el idioma se catapult! The widely accepted division of the Slavic languages into three groupsEast, West, and South. In 1941, Mongolian linguists developed a writing system adopting the Russian Cyrillic Alphabet, which included adding an additional two letters (, ) to the original Russian Cyrillic. This table contains all the characters used. Bulgarian and Bosnian Sephardim without Hebrew typefaces occasionally printed Judeo-Spanish in Cyrillic.[1]. Used by more than 250 . Otra buena forma de practicar es escribir palabras en tu primer idioma con letras del alfabeto cirlico. 6 Which is the only country to use the Cyrillic alphabet? For the national variants of the Cyrillic script, see, 1780s Romanian text (Lord's Prayer), written with the Cyrillic script, Letters Ge, De, I, Short I, Em, Te, Tse, Be and Ve in upright (printed) and cursive (handwritten) variants. National holidays honoring the brothers and Slavic literacy and culture are celebrated in Bulgaria . Corrections? These scholars, and brothers, had recently created a script in Great Moravia which was exactly what Boris was looking for. also adopted Cyrillic alphabets, and during the Great Purge in the late 1930s, all of the Latin alphabets of the peoples of the Soviet Union were switched to Cyrillic as well (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia were occupied and annexed by Soviet Union in 1940, and were not affected by this change). ", "On the relationship of old Church Slavonic to the written language of early Rus'" Horace G. Lunt; Russian Linguistics, Volume 11, Numbers 23 / January, 1987. [8] Since the beginning of the 1990s Mongolia has been making attempts to extend the rather limited use of Mongol script and the most recent National Plan for Mongol Script aims to bring its use to the same level as Cyrillic by 2025 and maintain a dual-script system (digraphia).[9]. If you can't find any email from us, note that it might have been ended up in your spam folder. yego 'him/his', is pronounced [jvo] rather than [jo]). Your email address will not be published. They spread and taught Christianity in the whole of Bulgaria. Russian The Cyrillic West South Slavic languages, such as Serbian, share common features such as and . Latin. As of 2011, around 252 million people in Eurasia use it as the official alphabet for their national languages. One of the reasons behind the same is the weird look of some of the alphabetic characters. Latin is going to be the only used alphabet in 2022, alongside the modified Arabic alphabet (in the People's Republic of China, Iran and Afghanistan). For those who are eager to learn the Cyrillic alphabet, knowledge of the Russian language can prove extremely handy, as the latter is drawn heavily from the former. Capital and lowercase letters were not distinguished in old manuscripts. Letters became distinguished between upper and lower case. Try using Cyrillic letters to write your name! Unicode approximations are used in the faux row to ensure it can be rendered properly across all systems; in some cases, such as with k-like ascender, no such approximation exists. The birth place of the Cyrillic alphabet is Bulgaria. Slavic was the native language of the Slavs who now live in Russia, Serbia, and other places. Si te interesa aprender alguno de estos idiomas o si tienes curiosidad por el sistema de escritura cirlico y su rica historia tenemos justo lo que necesitas! ), but may occur in native onomatopoeic words. 1931. Slavic languages, also called Slavonic languages, group of Indo-European languages spoken in most of eastern Europe, much of the Balkans, parts of central Europe, and the northern part of Asia. The new script became the basis of alphabets used in various languages in Orthodox Church-dominated Eastern Europe, both Slavic and non-Slavic languages (such as Romanian, until the 1860s). It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia. (Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Abkhazia, South Ossetia) The name 'Cyrillic alphabet' honours the younger of the Cyril and Methodius brothers, born in Thessaloniki at the . The Cyrillic letters , , are not used in native Tatar words, but only for Russian loans. Saints Naum and Clement, both of Ohrid and both among the disciples of Cyril and Methodius, are sometimes credited with having devised the Cyrillic alphabet. 24 May is an important holiday in many Eastern European countries as it is the day of the Cyrillic Alphabet. 11324: "Es interesante el hecho que en Bulgaria se imprimieron unas pocas publicaciones en alfabeto cirlico blgaro y en Grecia en alfabeto griego Nezirovi (1992: 128) anota que tambin en Bosnia se ha encontrado un documento en que la lengua sefard est escrita en alfabeto cirilico." At present, the use of the Cyrillic alphabet countries, including Bulgaria, Russia, Belarus, Serbia, Ukraine, Macedonia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, and so on. Exceptions and additions for particular languages are noted below. Short vowels are omitted altogether in syllables after the first syllable ( = /xama/). Since 1851 at least, the holiday has been known as the "Day of the Bulgarian script" in some areas. El cirlico suele asociarse con los idiomas eslavos como el ruso y el blgaro, pero aunque el alfabeto fue diseado para los idiomas en esa familia, esa no es una regla rgida. Como existen tantos idiomas que utilizan este alfabeto para generar tantos sonidos, no hay un grupo de letras que satisfaga las necesidades de todos. These solutions only enjoy partial support and may render with default glyphs in certain software configurations.[38]. - , - , 15.10.2021. It is currently used exclusively or as one of several alphabets for more than 50 languages, notably Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Montenegrin (spoken in Montenegro; also called Serbian), Russian, Serbian, Tajik (a dialect of Persian), Turkmen . West European typography culture was also adopted. 24/05/2021. [37] Sometimes, uppercase letters may have a different shape as well, e.g. Abkhaz is a Caucasian language, spoken in the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia. The Columbia Encyclopaedia, Sixth Edition. The Slavic Alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet is a family of alphabets that are used for Slavic languages. The Abkhazian and Ossetian languages were switched to Georgian script, but after the death of Joseph Stalin, both also adopted Cyrillic. To make the first Slavonic alphabet just as divine, Cyril created the new letters using the three elements that were holy for Christianity - the cross, the triangle, and the circle. However, putting politics aside, the Cyrillic script is far from new. It shaped the identity of the borders between Europe and Asia. We know that Boris welcomed disciples of Cyril and Methodius into the Bulgarian Empire to start literary schools using the Glagolitic script but then the record becomes fuzzy. Two candidate countries, Macedonia and Serbia, also use the Cyrillic alphabet. Hoy, casi 50 idiomas en todas partes del este de Europa, Asia Central y Siberia usan el cirlico como su alfabeto oficial. Countries that use the Latin script. Additionally, Macedonian features the letter 's' [dz], which otherwise does not occur in the Cyrillic alphabet. Further unnecessary letters were expunged in 1918, leaving the alphabet as it is todaystill in use in many Slavic Orthodox countries. English: This map shows the countries in the world that use the Cyrillic alphabet Cyrillic is the sole official script. For example, some Slavic languages like Czech, Slovak, and Polish use the Latin alphabet while other non-Slavic languages like Tajik, Tatar, and Mongolian use the Cyrilic script! a few Old and New Church Slavonic combinations: Prostov, Eugene Victor. The new letterforms, called the Civil script, became closer to those of the Latin alphabet; several archaic letters were abolished and several new letters were introduced designed by Peter himself. Keep up your Duolingo streak in Ukrainian or Russian, and youll be reading and writing in Cyrillic in no time! The alphabet used for the modern Church Slavonic language in Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic rites still resembles early Cyrillic. Their disciples went to South Slavic regions of the first Bulgarian empire, including what are now Bulgaria and the Republic of North Macedonia, where in the 900s they constructed a new script for Slavic, based on capital Greek letters, with some additions; confusingly, this later script (drawing on the name of Cyril) became known as Cyrillic. Later a succession of cursive forms developed. [4] With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek alphabets.[5]. People still know and use Cyrillic. Modern Russian Cyrillic has also been adapted to many non-Slavic languages, sometimes with the addition of special letters. It is now possible to learn the Cyrillic alphabets via online tutorials available over the web as well. Also, what countries use the Cyrillic alphabet today? The word "Cyrillic" was derived from his name, "Cyril". Lowercase characters were introduced, and the use of westernized letter forms was mandated. Currently, Cyrillic is in use by more than 50 languages, including Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Kazakh, Turkmen, and . Is the Greek alphabet the Cyrillic alphabet? Sounds are transcribed in the IPA. 'The Lives of St. Tsurho and St. Strahota', Bohemia, 1495, Vatican Library, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 21:14. In 2000 a new Latin alphabet was adopted for Tatar, but it is used generally on the Internet. 300 million people Under the provisions of that law, Latin would become an auxiliary script. The Cyrillic script is derived from the Greek uncial script letters, augmented by ligatures and consonants from the older Glagolitic alphabet for sounds not found in Greek. Required fields are marked *, Copyright 2021 Russian Teacher by Alex Go. About half of them are in Russia. In order to Christianize the tribes of the Eastern Europe, as ordered by their Emperor Michael III, he, along with his brother Methodius, embarked upon the herculean task of translating the Holy Bible into Slavic languages. More than 250 million people in more than 20 countries make use of it. Slavic languages, also called Slavonic languages, group of Indo-European languages spoken in most of eastern Europe, much of the Balkans, parts of central Europe, and the northern part of Asia. It is currently used exclusively or as one of several alphabets for more than 50 languages, notably Belarusian, Bulgarian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Montenegrin (spoken in Montenegro; also called Serbian), Russian, Serbian, Tajik (a dialect of Persian), Turkmen, Ukrainian, and Uzbek. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, some of the former republics officially shifted from Cyrillic to Latin. Pronunciation. This is known in Russia as the second South-Slavic influence. Kazakh can be alternatively written in the Latin alphabet. In Russia, Cyrillic was first written in the early Middle Ages in clear-cut, legible ustav (large letters). Unicode approximations are used in the faux row to ensure it can be rendered properly across all systems. See full answer below. What countries use the Cyrillic alphabet? After the death of Cyril (869) and Methodius (885), the Glagolitic alphabet ceased to be used in Moravia, and their students were banished from the country. Bulgarian. This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:54. The Serbian alphabet shows the following features: The Macedonian alphabet differs from Serbian in the following ways: The Montenegrin alphabet differs from Serbian in the following ways: Uralic languages using the Cyrillic script (currently or in the past) include: The Karelian language was written in the Cyrillic script in various forms until 1940 when publication in Karelian ceased in favor of Finnish, except for Tver Karelian, written in a Latin alphabet. In addition, it serves as the official script for over 50 different languages, including Russian, Uzbek . Many of the letters look very similar to those of Latin alphabets, like A, E, K, M, O, and T. However, some may have a different sound. Spellings of names transliterated into the Roman alphabet may vary, especially (y/j/i), but also (gh/g/h) and (zh/j). El alfabeto cirlico ha atravesado varios ajustes, transformaciones e iteraciones hasta convertirse en las letras que conocemos hoy en da. They developed out of the dialects of Proto-Slavic. This system of letters is also used in countries of Central Asia. July 01, 2013, 01:07:42 PM. Mostly used in Russia and Eastern Europe, these alphabets may appear challenging to learn, especially for an English speaker. The letters also had numeric values, based not on Cyrillic alphabetical order, but inherited from the letters' Greek ancestors. Some currency signs have derived from Cyrillic letters: The development of Cyrillic typography passed directly from the medieval stage to the late Baroque, without a Renaissance phase as in Western Europe. Quizs hayas notado que muchas letras cirlicas se ven y suenan muy similar a letras del alfabeto latino. The first Slavic alphabet, created in the 9th century by two brothers, led scholars and authors to develop the Cyrillic Alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet is used in about 50 countries. Mantn tu racha en Duolingo en ucraniano y ruso y estars leyendo y hablando en cirlico antes de lo que crees! Glagolitic and Cyrillic were formalized by the Byzantine Saints Cyril and Methodius and their disciples, such as Saints Naum, Clement, Angelar, and Sava. When was the Cyrillic alphabet first used in Bulgaria? The Slavic languages are a group of closely related languages spoken by over 300 million people in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Within the framework of the Bulgarian Presidency of the Council of the EU, the European Economic and Social Committee is hosting the exhibition "The Cyrillic Alphabet - The New Alphabet in the European Union". The most widely spoken languages that use the Cyrillic alphabet are Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian,. Since its inception, the Cyrillic alphabet has went through multiple changes. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters to represent words, morphemes, or other semantic units. When practical Cyrillic keyboard layouts or fonts are unavailable, computer users sometimes use transliteration or look-alike "volapuk" encoding to type in languages that are normally written with the Cyrillic alphabet. Iotation was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter : (not an ancestor of modern Ya, , which is derived from ), , (ligature of and ), , . In 1918, more unnecessary letters were removed, leaving the alphabet in its current state in many Slavic Orthodox countries. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The early Cyrillic alphabet was developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 9th century AD (in all probability in Ravna Monastery) at the Preslav Literary School by Saint Clement of Ohrid and Saint Naum and replaced the earlier Glagolitic script developed by the Byzantine theologians Cyril and Methodius (in all probability in Polychron). Why is it that the Cyrillic alphabet is used in Russia?1. Which countries speak and understand Russian. Especially in the period of Tsarist Russia, the Turkish people who continued their existence within the borders of Russia were tried to be adopted. "@Dokule @PopulismUpdates It is an artifact that a considerable amount of Slavic people have no relationship with so using the term disregards their situation completely as it disregards the situation of counties using the Cyrillic alphabet that aren't Slavic" Some of the most major ones were the changes made by the famous printer and publisher Ivan Fyodorov. Bulgaria is the birthplace of the Cyrillic alphabet, which was developed in Preslav and Ohrid Literary Schools during the tenth century. In accordance with Unicode policy, the standard does not include letterform variations or ligatures found in manuscript sources unless they can be shown to conform to the Unicode definition of a character. Please read it in conjunction with the notes below. Northeast Caucasian languages are generally written using Cyrillic alphabets. It was developed in . The modern Cyrillic alphabet is used primarily in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, and Bulgaria. Unlike the Latin script, which is usually adapted to different languages by adding diacritical marks/supplementary glyphs (such as accents, umlauts, fadas, tildes and cedillas) to standard Roman letters, by assigning new phonetic values to existing letters (e.g. Work on the latest version of the official orthography commenced in 1979. Cyrillic became the alphabet of the Old Russian language because the church was the primary educator. Ivan G. Iliev. In 2017, Kazakhstan announced the transition to Latin. From 1941 the Cyrillic script was used exclusively. Later, some Slavs modified it and added/excluded letters from it to better suit the needs of their own language varieties. It is called " " ('small er'). Which Slavic languages use Cyrillic alphabet? and long, = palatalization of the preceding consonant, = the second element of closing diphthongs (, , etc. Its adaptation to local languages produced a number of Cyrillic alphabets, discussed below. Esto es porque ambos alfabetos tomaron algunas letras del griego! The first few of these alphabets were developed by Orthodox missionaries for the Finnic and Turkic peoples of Idel-Ural (Mari, Udmurt, Mordva, Chuvash, and Kerashen Tatars) in the 1870s. Estos eruditos (y hermanos) haban creado recientemente un alfabeto en Gran Moravia que era exactamente lo que Boris buscaba. [7][8][9] The script is named in honor of Saint Cyril. more triangular, and , like Greek delta and lambda . Mongolia and Russia, based on the use of Cyrillic alphabet text. Countries using the Cyrillic alphabet: Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Mongolia, Macedonia, Serbia. Some . Uzbekistan still uses both systems, and Kazakhstan has officially begun a transition from Cyrillic to Latin (scheduled to be complete by 2025). Ultimately, like learning most things, improvement comes with extended exposure and practice. [44], The Zhuang alphabet, used between the 1950s and 1980s in portions of the People's Republic of China, used a mixture of Latin, phonetic, numeral-based, and Cyrillic letters. The following table shows the three main variations of the Cyrillic alphabet used in the Balkans: Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Serbian. Variations of the Cyrillic alphabet are used for at least 50 languages, in countries including Turkmenistan, Russia, Ukraine, Khazakstan and Belarus. Cyrillic Alphabet Day 2021. Some experts think this decision highlights the cooling in relations between Kazakhstan and Russia, a desire to distance away . Note: in some fonts or styles, , i.e. The Cyrillic script (Old Slavonic alphabet) appeared as late as the 9th century, much later than many other alphabets. After Boriss son Simeon I officially adopted the newly minted Cyrillic script for Bulgarians in 893, it took off! The characters in the range U+0460 to U+0489 are historic letters, not used now. Sometimes different letters were used interchangeably, for example = = , as were typographical variants like = . How do you get white residue off black tiles? Tal como en espaol tenemos la y en el francs aparece la , algunos smbolos del cirlico aparecen en los alfabetos de algunos idiomas pero en otros no. Muchas letras derivadas del griego son falsos amigos: algunas letras podran proceder de letras idnticas o similares del griego, pero tras aos de uso y transformaciones, han llegado a representar diferentes sonidos en los alfabetos cirlico y latino. Por ejemplo, algunos idiomas eslavos como el checo, el eslovaco y el polaco usan el alfabeto latino, mientras que otros idiomas no eslavos como el tayiko, el trtaro y el mongol usan el alfabeto cirlico. Serbian schools do not ban pupils from using Latin and the Cyrillic script is only mandatory for Serbian language and literature exams. Here is the information about the Cyrillic alphabet with all the details What is the Cyrillic Alphabet? Algunas de estas, como , y provienen del alfabeto glagoltico y podran presentar un desafo a primera vista. Bringhurst (2002) writes "in Cyrillic, the difference between normal lower case and small caps is more subtle than it is in the Latin or Greek alphabets, Learn how and when to remove this template message, IPA Brackets and transcription delimiters, accession of Bulgaria to the European Union, International Organization for Standardization, Keyboard layouts for non-Latin alphabetic scripts, "Cyrillic, the third official alphabet of the EU, was created by a truly multilingual European", "The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire". Yeri () was originally a ligature of Yer and I ( + = ). Russian, the co-official language in Kazakhstan, will continue to be written in Cyrillic. Cyrillic is an official or co-official script in the post-Yugoslav of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia, which may become members of the EU in the coming decade. Notes: Depending on fonts available, the Bulgarian row may appear identical to the Russian row. This wasnt the Cyrillic script we know todayit was called the Glagolitic script, which looks pretty different from modern Cyrillic! The Cyrillic script currently used for Kazakh has 42 symbols (33 derived from the Russian alphabet plus nine for additional Kazakh sounds). However, a closer look reveals that it is a mishmash of several popular words and sounds derived from Greek, Hebrew, and the old Latin. With the flexibility of computer input methods, there are also transliterating or phonetic/homophonic keyboard layouts made for typists who are more familiar with other layouts, like the common English QWERTY keyboard. Cyrillic alphabets used by Slavic languages can be divided into two categories: The Cyrillic alphabet came from the Greek alphabet, hence the similarity of some letters to Greek, with some additions to represent sounds that arent found in Greek. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. The Rusyn Alphabet makes the Following Rules: The Cyrillic alphabet was originally developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 9th 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School.[2][3]. For example, the separatist Chechen government mandated a Latin script which is still used by many Chechens. The Kazakh alphabet has existed in this form for 78 years. The Cyrillic script itself has gone through many tweaks, transformations, and iterations that have led to the letters we see today. The Cyrillic alphabet consists of 33 letters, including 21 consonants and 12 vowels. The Thai writing system was first created in the 1200s (the . Modern Russian has 32 letters (33, with inclusion of the soft signwhich is not, strictly speaking, a letter), Bulgarian 30, Serbian 30, and Ukrainian 32 (33). Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. Cyrillic is usually associated with Slavic languages like Russian and Bulgarian, and though the original script was designed for languages in this family, it isnt a firm rule. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) representing phonemes, units of sounds that distinguish words, of certain spoken languages. View this answer. 1. Cyrillic is nominally the official script of Serbia's administration according to the Serbian constitution;[43] however, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language, or standard language itself by any means. [8] The objective was to make it possible to have Christian service in Slavic tongue, instead of in Greek, which locals . Alphabet. What is more, this alphabet is the sole official script across the EU's eastern border, in Belarus, the Russian . The Cyrillic alphabet and Slavic literacy are traditionally celebrated on the feast day of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 11 May in Eastern Orthodox countries and 5 July in Roman Catholic countries. The Mongolic languages include Khalkha (in Mongolia; Cyrillic is official since 1941, in practice from 1946), Buryat (around Lake Baikal; Cyrillic is used since the 1930s) and Kalmyk (northwest of the Caspian Sea; Cyrillic is used in various forms since the 1920-30s). Originado en Bulgaria, este alfabeto es el alfabeto oficial de casi 50 idiomas como el ruso, el serbio, el ucraniano y el uzbeko. Esta historia llena de variaciones empieza en el siglo IX en Bulgaria con el Tsar Boris I, quien quera que los blgaros adoptaran el cristianismo sin sacrificar su idioma y cultura. South Slavic Cyrillic alphabets (with the exception of Bulgarian) are generally derived from Serbian Cyrillic. In 1998 the government has adopted a Latin alphabet to replace it. All these alphabets, and other ones (Abaza, Adyghe, Chechen, Ingush, Kabardian) have an extra sign: palochka (), which gives voiceless occlusive consonants its particular ejective sound. Among others, Cyrillic is the standard script for writing the following languages: The Cyrillic script has also been used for languages of Alaska,[41] Slavic Europe (except for Western Slavic and some Southern Slavic), the Caucasus, the languages of Idel-Ural, Siberia, and the Russian Far East. There are various systems for Romanization of Cyrillic text, including transliteration to convey Cyrillic spelling in Latin letters, and transcription to convey pronunciation.