convergence church movement convergence church movement

Community Convergence is dedicated to assisting local and national Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU) by providing consultation to HBCU leaders, Biblical education for students, and . Our Communion does not place any gender requirement for Ordination. the world through church planting and multiplication, leadership training and coaching and global missions. Peter Wagner and others from Fuller Theological Seminary formalized the movement through their writings and acted as a filter and focal point. Walker, Gordon (September 1983). To remain a member with the communion, each member must: Demonstrate, through submission of Ember Letters, that they are engaged in Active, Accountable and Authorized Ministry. These Catholics would be working to deliberately include more, We believe that the Holy Scriptures found in the Old and New Testament are divinely inspired. relating or belonging to any Protestant Christian church that emphasizes the authority of the Bible and salvation through the personal acceptance of Jesus Christ, relating to or based on the Gospels of the Christian Bible, enthusiastic or zealous in support of a particular cause and very eager to make other people share its beliefs or ideals, Although the term is sometimes applied to Jewish worship, it is especially associated with the prayers and ceremonies used in the celebration of the. Key contemporary pioneers shaping the awareness and thought of the movement are men like Dr. Robert Webber, author and professor of Theology at Wheaton College; Dr. Robert Stamps, former chaplain of Oral Roberts University; Peter Gillquist, former leader with Campus Crusade fro Christ and now an Eastern Orthodox priest and evangelist; Thomas Howard from St. Johns Seminary; Thomas Oden, theologian and author from Drew University, Howard Snyder, theologian, author and Christian educator, Stan White, former Assembly of God pastor, now an Episcopalian priest; and others, such as the late David DuPlessis, Pentecostal minister and key instigator of the Charismatic ecumenical dialogue between Roman Catholics and Pentecostals; current Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey; the United Methodist liturgical Order of St. Luke and Peter Hocken, Roman Catholic theologian. Third Expression Convergent Catholics would embrace what many describe as the low church dominant paradigm; that which is commonly experienced in the typical Protestant congregation. There are about 25 other Holiness denominations, among them the rapidly growing Christian and Missionary Alliance with 346,000 U.S. members in the late 1990s. Ft^::_r ^[@T|dq-|i] y\%.eI(/*4FPXvA5iq{GRsw2_J\Eb1B2Gxf_,: zO?.Fa@hAb>Jc6axZ{u)N6eWuO"liXr,p g7*,wO6$ All new members are admitted as provisional members for a period determined by the Bishop, with approval from the Presiding Bishop. When considering the whole of Christian history, The Convergent Catholic Communion is still very young. The following graph, developed by the leadership of Hosanna Church of the King located in the Kansas City metropolitan area, illustrates the essential elements and ingredients being drawn upon by the majority of those participating in the movement at this point: The blending or converging of these traditions is seen by those involved as the work of God the Holy Spirit imparting a spiritual operation of grace best captured in the vision of Psalm 46:5,6: There is a river whose streams make glad the city of God, the Holy Place where the Most High dwells. Thus, the city of God is seen as the Church, the river as the action and flow of Gods Presence through His Church and the many streams as expressions of the one rivers life that have developed or broken off from the main river through history, all of which are necessary to enrich and make glad the city with the fullness of Gods life, power, purpose and Presence. Learn more Watch Church planting Start a new church, campus or multiply your church Strengthen your church Lead you and your church to long-term health Global missions Reach people with the gospel in key areas of the world We Communion recognizes that it is not always plausible or feasible for members to give financially, if a member is unable to provide financial support, they should notify their Bishop that the Bishop can advise of other ways to contribute or if necessary, authorize continued membership benefits without fear of membership privilege suspension. The Full Gospel Business Mens Fellowship began among Pentecostalists in 1951. Ecclesiastes 4:12 tells us that, a cord of the three strands is not easily broken. When the three strands of Gods Church are braided together there will be a new strength and unity in the church as hasnt been seen since the apostolic age. stream These Catholics embrace the sacraments in a way that is fully in-stepwith tradition. The Convergence Movement: A Cross Denominational Kingdom Builders Alliance & Leadership Empowerment Zone, (Written in 1992 by Wayne Boosahda and Randy Sly for the Complete library of Christian Worship, Robert Webber, ed. [8], The pioneers of the Convergence Movement were seeking to restore a primitive form of Christianity different from what the Restoration Movement taught. Our Communion is not of one mind when approaching the topics of infallibility and inerrancy. The convergence movement seems to have strong antecedents in two major areas of spiritual and worship renewal affecting the Church in this century: the contemporary Charismatic worship renewal and the Liturgical Renewal Movement, both Catholic and mainline Protestant. The two movements complement each other very well. Chuck Smith (pastor) - Wikipedia Second Expression Convergent Catholics find a deeper connection to fully sacramental spirituality, and. Characteristics of Convergence Christianity - Darkwood Brew The Convergence Movement, also known as the Ancient-Future Faith movement,[1] is a Protestant Christian movement that began during the Fourth Great Awakening (19601980) in the United States. THE BLENDING IN THE PRACTICES OF ALL THREE STREAMS (EVANGELICAL, CHARISMATIC, SACRAMENTAL), YET EACH CHURCH APPROACHES CONVERGENCE FROM DIFFERENT BASES OF EMPHASIS, 5. In the Protestant Church, the sacraments are baptism and Communion. Between meetings of the General Assembly, the administrative authority of the Communion shallreside in the Bishops Council and the General Council. Each of these expressions of the Church of Jesus Christ have been carefully nurtured by God and greatly used to establish and expand the His work on earth. Described as the Convergence Movement, or Convergence of the Streams, this emerging movement appears to many, both observers and participants, to be another contemporary evidence of Gods continuing activity in history to renew, replenish and unify His people in one heart and purpose in Christ. Like Christ, we seek to serve rather than to be served. The modern English words Priest is descended from the Greek root. "The story of Christianity moves from a focus on mystery in the classical period, to institution in the medieval era, to individualism in the Reformation era, to reason in the modern era, and, now, in the postmodern era, back to mystery," he wrote in Ancient-Future Faith: Rethinking Evangelicalism for a Postmodern Generation. In the late 1990s the world had about 400 million Protestants (including some 64 million Anglicans), constituting about one-fifth of all affiliated Christians. The additional Anglican argument of "once a bishop, always a bishop" gains prominence among those in the Convergence Movement;[51] there is also an understanding through Roman Catholic teaching on sacramental character. [31][32][33], Following Lumanog's consecration and the start of their diocese in this Convergence denomination, he appointed Gideon Arinzechukwu (a deposed Episcopalian priest)[34] as interim archdeacon for their diocese in the Apostolic Communion of Anglican Churches in 2020. [1] In the following years, Webber wrote several additional books that had great influence on evangelical churches seeking to incorporate liturgy and traditional practices into their worship, and numbers of evangelical Protestants and Charismatics continued to migrate to the historic liturgical denominations. The Convergence Movement, also known as the Ancient-Future Faith movement, is a Protestant Christian movement that began during the Fourth Great Awakening (1960-1980) in the United States.. (See list below for summary). I see that you mention you are affirming, evangelical, charismatic and sacramental, in light of what I have learned so far - what does that really mean? This original association was called The Anthem Network, and was a small network of inclusive church plants within the Southwest United States. The Antiochene family of liturgies includes the Clementine liturgy of the Apostolic Constitutions. About - Convergence Movement An informative article about this form of Christianity can be found here. AN INCREASED APPETITE TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THE EARLY CHURCH, 3. [] The key to attaining membership in our Communion is found in building meaningful relationships with our members and leaders. 23 I in them, and thou in me, that they may be made perfect in one; and that the world may know that thou hast sent me, and hast loved them, as thou hast loved me. embrace what many would describe as the high church paradigm. von Folmar laid the foundation for what is today the Convergent Catholic Communion. Haywood-Larsen and Rev. All applicants are required to complete a criminal background check, including a check of the US Department of Justice Sexual Offender Registry. A LOVE AND EMBRACE FOR THE WHOLE CHURCH, AND A DESIRE TO SEE THE CHURCH AS ONE, 4. Eric Elnes wrote: As far as I can tell, the " onvergence Movement" was a term used a few years ago by a handful evangelical and charismatic Christian leaders as part of a call churches back to their roots in Copyright 2023 Converge. Followers of Jesus continue to receive the gifts of the Spirit (charismata). How did The Convergent Catholic Communion come about? Liturgical/ Sacramental Evangelical Charismatic the Convergence Movement Convergence - Worldwide Communion Of Christian Celtic Convergence Churches Maintain active membership in a local congregation, meeting the requirements of membership, including regular worship attendance. It is represented in most Protestant denominations. Rick Warren. * The conference issued several documents which together are known as "The Chicago Call". (Sept 1984). The convergence worship movement has intentionally brought about a synthesis between the liturgical and contemporary worship renewal movements. Fulfill requirements for continuing professional development, as assigned by the Bishops Council, each year. [47][5], Since the advent of Convergence Christianity, numerous denominations and organizations have sought or claimed apostolic succession through excommunicated Roman Catholic bishops and wandering bishops of Anglican and Orthodox traditions including Carlos Duarte Costa, Arnold Mathew, Joseph Vilatte, Aftimios Ofiesh, and others in order to preserve doctrinal and apostolic continuity and establish sacramental legitimacy. Our Communion embraces the creeds, sacraments, and historic episcopate in apostolic succession of the Church Catholic. Evangelicalism,is amovementinmodern Anglo-American (citizens originating from Great Bitain) Protestantism that emphasizes personal commitment to Christ and the authority of the Bible. During this consideration period, our Bishops review their findings and make a decision for membership. Decatur, GA 30033, Faithful Futures for Fragile Congregations. One by one congregations and leaders have found one another, underlining the sense that God is doing something on a grass root level similar to an underground river about to break to the surface. College Campuses. Third Expression Convergent Catholics rely less on printed prayer books and service guides in favor of extemporaneous preaching, teaching and prayer. Distinct charismatic networks and organizations soon arose within the Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian, and other Protestant denominations. Our Communion embraces the creeds, sacraments, and historic episcopate in apostolic succession of the Church Catholic. elements of each of the three streams. 22 And the glory which thou gavest me I have given them; that they may be one, even as we are one: <> Ends of the Earth. Father, that they maybe one even as we are one, was the prayer of our Lord. In 2007, former Archbishop Randolph Sly of the Charismatic Episcopal Churchformed in 1992joined the Roman Catholic Church and was ordained into the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter, broadening recognition of the Convergence Movement among the ancient liturgical Christian denominations. The blending in the practices of all three streams is evident, yet each church approaches convergence from different bases of emphasis. Beginning with the 25-person Costa Mesa congregation in 1965, Smith's influence now extends to "more than 1,000 churches nationwide and hundreds more overseas", some of which are among the largest churches in the United States.He has been called "one of the most . Church History - Convergence Movement Once we become members, what is required of us? Convergence Movement - The Convergence Movement: "A Cross Liturgical Movement, a 19th- and 20th-century effort in Christian churches to restore the active and intelligent participation of the people in the liturgy, or official rites, of the Christian religion. #336 Their church services would be a liturgical experience from, beginning to end; likely including formal prayers of the people, congregational prayers of penitence, professing a Creed aloud together, and sharing the, peace. THE CONVERGENCE MOVEMENT [Click to download PDF] WRITTEN IN 1992 BY BISHOP WAYNE BOOSAHDA AND RANDY SLY FOR THE COMPLETE LIBRARY OF CHRISTIAN WORSHIP, ROBERT WEBBER, ED. endobj Home - Convergence Movement They would be drawn to congregations whose spiritual life and worship services are fully evangelical, fully charismatic and fully sacramental. This divine inspiration was the process in which Gods concepts were clothed with the words of humankind. In 1984 Charisma magazine, one of the most influential magazines of the Charismatic Movement, published an article by Richard Lovelace entitled "The Three Streams, One River?" They value worship communities and ministries that are characterized by the bestelements of each of the three streams. 1. In the late 1990s the Church of God had 234,000 members in the United States and the Church of the Nazarene reported 627,000 members. Followers of Jesus continue to receive the gifts of the Spirit (charismata). In 2007, former Archbishop Randolph Sly of the Charismatic Episcopal Churchformed in 1992joined the Roman Catholic Church and was ordained into the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter, broadening recognition of the Convergence Movement among the ancient liturgical Christian denominations. Inner Cities. For 170 years weve helped churches bring life change to communities in the U.S. and around They would be drawn to congregations whose spiritual life and worship services are fully evangelical, fully charismatic and fully sacramental. The governance of our Communion is vested in our members gathered at General Assembly (held every 2 years). b. the angle of Earth relative to the Sun. The governance of our Communion is vested in our members gathered at General Assembly (held every 2 years). The Priests are celebrants of Holy Communion; they may offer all the sacraments except Ordination to Holy Orders. A Bishop is an overseer of the flock and as such is called to propagate, to teach, and to uphold and defend the faith and order of the Church willingly and as God leads. They may serve the church in the following areas: Communications, Christian Education; serving as a Counselor or Chaplain or; leading a music, campus, prison, charity, justice and advocacy ministry. 10 And all mine are thine, and thine are mine; and I am glorified in them. A church does not necessarily have to change its identity when it becomes a part of a convergence movement. Lu>JGp,r0bXRivfcm_pm1!dN? I608{4Eg\3F}a(01E3mudw05p;!A4l{9{|u" O7(X=ub|y~6:hEN*u%B%]G>&F As a result of his developing focus, Foster convened a conference called Renovare, which gathered in Wichita, KS, in 1988. The convergence model, which draws from a variety of traditions, exists in nearly every denomination. Our communion is part of a wider movement known as the Convergence Movement. In saying that we areevangelical, we mean that we are rooted in the Gospel of Jesus Christ (euangelion) and believe in living it within the world. The movement sought to make the liturgy both more attuned to early Christian traditions and more relevant to modern Christian life. You can begin that process now by joining our Facebook Group. Convergence Movement - College Campuses. Inner Cities. Ends of the Earth. Join church leaders and congregants from around the Heartland District March 6-8 to pray and sing in worship to our great God! Use tab to navigate through the menu items. While advocates and critics have written much on the subject of the multisite church as it has risen in prominence over the past 20 years, Brad House and Gregg Allison believe that we are now able to see the intended and unintended consequences of the movement and thus evaluate it. The sacramental inward grace conferred by ordination is the spiritual power and authority proper to the respective orders. The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches also include penance (or confession & repentance), confirmation (completion of training for adult hood), holy orders, matrimony, and the anointing of the sick. Accountable: accountable to a local church administrative body or other administrative body or to a direct Supervisor within, or known to, Convergent Catholic Communion. ), Therefore, every teacher of the law who has been instructed about the kingdom of heaven is like the owner of a house who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old. Mat. Arising out of a common desire and hunger to experience the fullness of Christian worship and spirituality, the Convergence Movement (also referred to in the remainder of this article as CM) seeks to blend or merge the essential elements in the Christian faith represented historically in three major streams of thought and practice; the Charismatic, Evangelical/Reformed and Liturgical/Sacramental. Our clerics are organized through the lens of Church history in which Deacons, Elders and Bishops supported the community. If you are interested in being a member of our ministry, Convergence Church or a church/ministry in Convergence Network of Churches and Ministries (CNET) then please see this link to begin the application process. endobj While not associated with the official Ecumenical Movement of the World Council of Churches, those involved in CM seem broadly gripped by the hunger and desire to learn from traditions of worship and spirituality other than their own and to integrate these discoveries into their own practice and experience in the journey of faith. Although young, we have continued to grow and mature as a vibrant expression of Christian faith and spirituality. The candidate may expect a determination to be made within 60 days of receiving the application. Anglican minister David Watson once remarked that, This break with Rome (the Reformation), although probably inevitable due to the corruption of the time, unfortunately led to split after split with the Body of Christ, with the result that the mission of the Church is today seriously handicapped by the bewildering plethora of endless denominationsa torn and divided Christianity is, nevertheless, a scandal for which all Christians need deeply to repent (David Watson, I Believe in the Church). For far too long the church has been divided and separated from one . Converge is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. The Convergence Movement is a syncretic movement among evangelical and charismatic churches in the United States to blend charismatic worship with liturgies from the Book of Common Prayer and other liturgical sources. During deliberations, a decision is made in light of the Ordained Ministry Candidate Standards as adopted by our Bishops Council. This original association was called The Anthem Network, and was a small network of inclusive church plants within the Southwest United States. Find another location >, Start a new church, campus or multiply your church, Lead you and your church to long-term health, Reach people with the gospel in key areas of the world, Inspirational stories and news of God's work throughout the Converge movement. General Assembly being held in August of that year. Convergence provides free premarital semiannual courses for couples across Atlanta called Keeping Marriages Healthy (KMH). This means you will find elements from the three major streams of the Christian church (Evangelical, Sacramental and Charismatic) and elements from our Hebraic roots incorporated into our services. von Folmar laid the foundation for what is today the Convergent Catholic Communion. This Expression recognizes the ancient church as a legitimate voice, but mostly in their insistence on a celebrating weekly Eucharist. A small element exists within Eastern Orthodoxy. The Executive Committee of the Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) has approved a recommendation from the SBC's Credentials Committee to place Saddleback Church of California as . The outward and visible sign of the sacrament is the imposition of hands by a bishop, sometimes accompanied by the transmission of an object or objects associated with the order, such as a chalice and paten for a priest. c. changes in insolation due to seasonal changes on the Sun. Modern day visionaries, however, have discerned the times and are declaring that the right time has arrived for Gods church to be one. New Years Resolutions for Digital Ministry. Professor of Theology at Wheaton College), along with Peter Gillquist, Thomas Howard, Richard Holt, Donald Bloesch, Jan Dennis, Lane Dennis, and Victor Oliver, the conference discussed the need for evangelical Protestants to rediscover and re-attach to the Christian Church's historic roots. embrace what many would describe as the high church paradigm. What We Believe - ICHCOC Selecting your location helps us connect you to your local Converge team. " Those who are being drawn by the Lord into this convergence of streams are characterized by several common elements. These Catholics embrace the sacraments in a way that is fully in-step, with tradition. The most striking recent development is the Roman Catholic charismatic renewal, which originated in 1967 on university campuses in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; South Bend, Indiana; and East Lansing, Michigan. All applicants must submit an application and pass a background check prior to being considered for membership. AN INTEREST IN INTEGRATING MORE STRUCTURE WITH SPONTANEITY IN WORSHIP, 6. [22], From 2008 to 2014, the Communion of Evangelical Episcopal Churches held informal ecumenical dialogue with the Roman Catholic Church through Bishop Tony Palmer until his death, befriending Pope Francis. Authorized: authorized by a local community/ministry, the Communion, or Bishops Council for service as a pastor, staff clergy, evangelist, pastoral therapist, chaplain, Communion staff, or as the director of an educational or service ministry. In addition, we strongly encourage those pastors serving in a local church setting to establish a pastor-parish team to insure a healthy, transparent relationship and communications with their congregations. We do this by starting and strengthening churches together worldwide. In June of 2021, our governing Councils approved a transition to an affinity-based model. As you read about Convergence Christianity you will find a some overlap but at the same time some clear distinctions; therefore it should be understood these movements are not synonymous. Rick Warren's Saddleback Church Expelled From Southern Baptist Additionally, the term Connexion further stresses the interconnectedness of the various parts of our Communion. Haywood-Larsen, the General Council appointed Rev. Convergence Movement - YouTube These men, along with theologians, scripture scholars, and pastors in a number of Protestant denominational traditions, were calling Christians back to what they saw as their roots in the early Church prior to the Great Schism and rise of the state church of the Roman Empire. Emilio Alvarezwas highlighted in the journal, Liturgy for their publication of Pentecostal Orthodoxy: Toward an Ecumenism of the Spirit. By. endobj 7 Now they have known that all things whatsoever thou hast given me are of thee. In short, it's complicated. What IS Digital Ministry? As a Convergence communion, the CEEC embraces the Anglican precedent and seeks to be a true expression of the Ancient/Future Church, making visible the Kingdom of God, fulfilling the Great Commission, and manifesting fully the beauty, glory and power of the One Church and its Lord. Doing ministry is not the same as being in a worshiping community; thus, it is vital that a minister serving in parachurch ministries regularly attend worship services. More About Us Strategic Planning Mw]H=5xacrd08wBP#/b!!Z|%a7]KNM # U p+n We chose to use Connexion because it was an organizing form not historically tied to geography (like those listed above). 19 And for their sakes I sanctify myself, that they also might be sanctified through the truth. The Liturgical Renewal caused a resurgence of interest in recapturing the essence, spirit and shape of ancient Christian worship, as practiced and understood by the early Church of the first eight centuries. Your congregation and community deserve a long-term vision and plan. "Schism in the Order". Rev. In 1979, the Evangelical Orthodox Church was organized. A CONTINUING COMMITMENT TO PERSONAL SALVATION, BIBLICAL TEACHING, AND TO THE WORK AND MINISTRY OF THE HOLY SPIRIT. It is largely a result of the ecumenical movement. Synthesis: The Convergence Worship Movement. The Third Wave has been described by some as an epilogue to the Charismatic Renewal, bringing together Charismatic elements of worship, experience and practice with the Evangelical tradition. If you are the leader of 3 or more clergy, and your group would like to incardinate together; please begin with the informal inquiry process and your request will be placed before a bishop immediately. Liberal Protestants often oppose the use of Evangelical to refer only to the strict traditionalists. The conference and intended renewal were direct precursors to the Convergence of Streams concept. This led the group to practice a more liturgical form of worship than in their previous evangelical background.[14]. A movement of churches working to help people meet, know and follow Jesus. About - Redeemer Church "Odyssey to Orthodoxy". Convergence Movement is a ministry launching generational influencers from campuses, inner cities and the ends of the earth. Convergence Church equips and empowers individuals through discipleship . Their church services would be a liturgical experience frombeginning to end; likely including formal prayers of the people, congregational prayers of penitence, professing a Creed aloud together, and sharing thepeace. Protestantism,is oneofthethreemajor divisions of Christianity, the others being Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy. We consider this type as first expression due to the belief that in the first few centuries of the Church it was fully evangelical, fully charismatic and fully sacramental. We also provide care packages for the unhoused and those in human trafficking. What is a convergent church? SACRED COMMONS , we mean that we are rooted in the Gospel of Jesus Christ (euangelion) and believe in living it within the world. If membership is approved, additional training may be assigned to the new member by the Bishop. All applicants must submit an application and pass a background check prior to being considered for membership. b. the angle of Earth relative to the Sun. Our Communion is not of one mind when approaching the topics of infallibility and inerrancy. were calling Christians back to what they saw as their roots, Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America, Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter, Communion of Evangelical Episcopal Churches, Convocations of Anglicans in North America, Church of Nigeria in the Anglican Communion, Code of Canon Law within the Roman Catholic Church, "Tony Palmer, who captured Pope Francis' bid for Christian unity with a cellphone, dies after motorcycle crash", Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, "Retrospective on the EOC Reception into the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese | Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese", "Former Charismatic Episcopal archbishop joins Roman Catholic Church", "Local man ordained to Anglican ordinariate- The Arlington Catholic Herald", "The CEEC Remembers Bishop Tony Palmer, who passed 6 years ago today", "Pope and Late Evangelical Bishop were Like 'Father and Son', "Jon Ignatius Jack Lumanog Inhibited from Ministry", "Bishop Jack Lumanog: ordained and consecrated an Anglican Bishop", "The Venerable Canon Dr. Jon Ignatius Lumanog ordained and consecrated as Anglican Bishop", "National Bible College Association Private Christian Accreditation", "From Bishop Jack Lumanog appointment of Interim Archdeacon", "Ihe mere ka Anglkan ji gbar ihu nye kchukwu kpeere dba ekpere", "He is Not One of Us, CoN Disowns U.S Based Priest in Viral Video for Native Doctor Award - Advent Cable Network Nigeria", "Church of Nigeria: NJ priest not one of us", "Archbishop Russell McClanahan reunites with the CEEC CEEC - International", "Liturgy-hungry young Christians trade altar calls for Communion rails", "The Rise Of 'Charismatic Orthodox' Churches", "Archbishop of America met the leadership of the Union of Charismatic Orthodox Churches", "The Union of Charismatic Orthodox Churches", "Convergence Ecclesiology | Addendum 4: Apostolic Succession", "Automatic excommunication for bishop over illicit ordination", "Vatican defrocks exorcist archbishop who married", "If a priest leaves the priesthood, is he still able to perform the sacraments?