swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

Some large contemporary European jazz ensembles play mostly avant-garde jazz using the instrumentation of the big bands. Many musical styles contributed to its birth. daring arrangements of classic jazz tunes. ways. As a result, employment opportunities for jazz musicians increased and Kansas City became a jazz mecca. They were assisted by a band full of talent: Coleman Hawkins on tenor saxophone, Louis Armstrong on cornet, and multi-instrumentalist Benny Carter, whose career lasted into the 1990s.[1]. A ballad is a simple song, usually romantic in nature, and uses the same melody for each stanza. projected in the way the drums and bass express the beat, how the piano The swing era followed boogie-woogie. Big band - Wikipedia Other research interests include African popular music and the use of oral history and photography in the study of culture. In the art form--a unique blending of West African and Western European/American The lyrics kept within these traditions. The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). Other bandleaders used Brazilian and Afro-Cuban music with big band instrumentation, and big bands led by arranger Gil Evans, saxophonist John Coltrane (on the album Ascension from 1965) and bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius introduced cool jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion, respectively, to the big band domain. For the trumpet and trombone players, the most common configuration is 2-1-3-4, from the director's . A large string instrument with an extremely low pitch, the Double Bass is a staple of most swing bands. Trumpets provide a brash buzzing sound thats well suited for a melody. Starting in the early 1900s, various jazz and traditions have So band leaders used various arrangement techniques to keep the song interesting, such as: Tutti (all horns playing a melodic line in harmony), Soli (one section featured playing a melodic line in harmony), Shout Chorus (climatic tutti section at the end of the arrangement), Riffs (repeated short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern), Call and Response Riffs (often between the horns and the rhythm section), Solos (single person improvising usually behind a relatively simple harmonic background), Swing Music was smooth, easy-listening and simple. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_band&oldid=1142698476, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 22:19. shows the development of the main jazz styles in relation to other aspects of Duke Ellington's . He created his band as a vehicle for his compositions. African American theaters and night clubs, the Apollo, the Savoy, and the Lafayette, became legendary for presenting jazz combos and orchestras. hmk6^/,$mA% Ive listed someSwing Era Jazz musicians below. In contrast to the typical jazz emphasis on improvisation, big bands relied on written compositions and arrangements. Big bands started as accompaniment for dancing. Coleman Hawkins (19041969) was the first great saxophonist of jazz. Ellington expanded Armstrong's small Sweet Swing (people like Glenn Miller) had less improvisation, was a bit slower, restrained with a slight swing feel, and was for the white upper class dinner parties. Basie, Count. The moral? [52], Schuller, Gunther. photo by Patricia Schneider. (String Bass or Electric Bass), plucked with the fingers, often providing a - the tuba was replaced the string bass - the banjo was replaced the guitar - (a&c on test) From Louis Armstrong was the first to establish vocals as a part of an instrumental tradition. (1937). [26], Typical big band arrangements from the swing era were written in strophic form with the same phrase and chord structure repeated several times. a hint of improvisationthe scores are completely written out Which white swing clarinetist and bandleader, who spent as much of his early career as he could in Harlem, once said, "I was actually leading the life of a Negro musician"? %PDF-1.5 % the 1930s, famed jazz pianists Edward "Duke" Her vocal command expanded to an unusual range of four octaves, and she is best known for her melodic approach to scatting. Ella Fitzgerald contributed to the success of Webbs band in New York City. "8-to-the-bar" rhythmic structure: (LONG-short-LONG-short-LONG-short-LONG-short), 1 2 (Change the second verb to the future progressive form.). KC Jazz is characterised by: And because KC Jazzsongs were riff based, they were often played from memory by the band (rather than from sheet music). woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up Bio Big Band Theory Woody Herman's first band, nicknamed the First Herd, borrowed from progressive jazz, while the Second Herd emphasized the saxophone section of three tenors and one baritone. But you also need to inject your style and personality into the music you make. His pioneering vocal style, which treated his voice as an instrument, provided the foundation for vocal jazz interpretation. Swing music ruled the airwaves and the dance floors throughout the 1930s to the mid-40s, and the artists that led swing bands became internationally beloved celebrities. In the mid-1930s and early 1940s, Jazz Big Band Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection Swing as popular music usually had vocals, such as Glenn Miller's "Chattanooga Choo-Choo," and was intended for dancing. The popularity of their bands in the mainstream reveals the extent to which jazz and blues had become the most popular dance music of the 1930s and 1940s. Coast" Cool Jazz emerged, using Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and _________________. In general, swing refers to the music of large dance bands that played written arrangements. sense means to merge styles together. introduction, the main theme, and four varied improvised choruses. [28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". All Jazz styles have two common features: - A. Rolfe, Anna Mae Winburn, and Ina Ray Hutton.[35]. is called the ", The [37] As jazz migrated from its New Orleans origin to Chicago and New York City, energetic, suggestive dances traveled with it. The popularity of many of the major bands was amplified by star vocalists, such as Frank Sinatra with Tommy Dorsey, Helen O'Connell and Bob Eberly with Jimmy Dorsey, Ella Fitzgerald with Chick Webb, Billie Holiday and Jimmy Rushing with Count Basie, Dick Haymes and Helen Forrest with Harry James, Doris Day with Les Brown,[40] and Peggy Lee with Benny Goodman. performing at the same time. Thats what makes it stand out. Swing band music was organized in homophonywhere two or more instruments played similar or complementary lines. Three bypass valves over the tube can be used to lower the pitch of the trumpet. are described below. Important New York figures of this time include Chick Webb, Jimmie Lunceford, and Duke Ellington. How relevant do you believe the poem is today? violin--Ray Nance), (3) trumpet--Rex Stewart, (4) tenor saxBen Webster, Performers played, sang, danced, and presented shows and stand-up comedy in these large entertainment venues. In the 1950s, a smooth style of "West Since theyre built of brass, saxophones tend to produce a trumpet-like buzzing sound. As a result of the military draft and transportation hardships in the U.S., the swing era ended quickly. Yes drums are like the Roux or Fil in Gumbo. By 1937, the "sweet jazz band" saxophonist Shep Fields was also featured over the airways on the NBC radio network in his Rippling Rhythm Revue, which also showcased a young Bob Hope as the announcer. Benny Goodman (19091986) was a superior clarinetist who began appearing on stage by the age of twelve. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. Cubans Mario Bauz and Machito (Francisco Ral Gutirrez Grillo), founder of the Afro-Cubans; Puerto Rican Ernesto Antonio Tito Puente with Oye como va; and Afro-Cuban drummer Chano Pozo (Luciano Pozo Gonzlez), famous for playing with and influencing Dizzy Gillespies Manteca, were among the most prominent band leaders and musicians. 1920s as a blending of blues, ragtime, and civic brass band traditions, then this (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
. New York in the late 1920s. But Chick Webbs band would cut them., The one radio voice that I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and. Jazz elements into his famous musical, Da Capo Reprint Paperback, 1973. and His Mother Called Him Bill, featured "Blood Count" and "Lotus Blossom," was a tribute album to . DoZjyk]Z^0])*6`pje?NG.s#n1[Mgv,3/W5k'(?_pq,JZ7jaF:m(YTm7RhoQ>luNRjY%- I) DAVIS was one of the first jazz artist to cross over and adopt elements of 1570 0 obj <>stream the jukebox The popular appeal of Benny Goodman's Trio and Quartet had a good deal to do with the extroverted energy of Lionel Hampton and Gene Krupa 3 4 5 6 7 8, - trombone. clarinetist, In the late 1940s, progressive of the United States between 1920 and 1970. Walter Page is often credited with developing the walking bass,[38] though earlier examples exist, such as Wellman Braud on Ellington's Washington Wabble from 1927. below to see YouTube performance clips), - Her version of the nursery rhyme A-Tisket, A-Tasket (1938) brought her international fame. Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, and Jimmie Lunceford each led orchestras that achieved international standing. Swing bands adopted a consistent instrumentation of four sections that remained fairly stable. Tucker, Sherrie. (click Arrangers notated specific notes for each instrument to play in every measure on a written score. The group emphasized correct technique and accurate playing and released its first recording in 1930. The "Modern Popular Music" chart below, Casa Loma Stomp marked the first recording of this emerging style in 1930. often feature virtuoso performers, on His famous recording Body and Soul, recorded in 1939, is known for its continuous smooth sound. And after years of economic depression, many Americans wanted to have fun. Rhythm Section: (click here to see a YouTube Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000. To learn more about the book this website supports, please visit its, You must be a registered user to view the. innovators include pianist Dave BRUBECK attractive to general listeners. 0 Other renowned vocalists are blues singers Jimmy Rushing with You Can Depend on Me and Joe Williamss Roll Em Pete, featured with the Count Basie Orchestra, whose repertoire included ballads, jazz and pop standards. highly-improvisatory new style of jazz called "Bebop" was developed The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. and Ph. "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" - Duke Ellington & Ella Fitzgerald, It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing),, Kansas City was the swingingest sound in the world. II era. This They provide the base, the foundation on which the rest of the music can thrive. The Glenn Miller band was one of the most popular bands of the Swing Era. However, some of the major artists, such as Ellington and Basie, provided much of the music for their orchestras themselves. Dixieland and the Swing Era - Jazz in America The major "black" bands of the 1930s included, apart from Ellington's, Hines's and Calloway's, those of Jimmie Lunceford, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. [48][49][50] Big band remotes on the major radio networks spread the music from ballrooms and clubs across the country during the 1930s and 1940s, with remote broadcasts from jazz clubs continuing into the 1950s on NBC's Monitor. Count Basie played a relaxed, propulsive swing, Bob Crosby (brother of Bing), more of a dixieland style,[39] Benny Goodman a hard driving swing, and Duke Ellington's compositions were varied and sophisticated. Since the 1920s, Jazz Short, repeated refrains or phrases, or riffs, are common in jazz. DG Ch 6-10 - Flashcards | StudyHippo.com The Timeline of African American Music by Portia K. Maultsby, Ph.D. presents the remarkable diversity of African American music, revealing the unique characteristics of each genre and style, from the earliest folk traditions to present-day popular music. In swing, the saxophone was usually featured as the leading instrumental soloist. Trumpet image courtesy: PJ via Wikimedia Commons, Saxophone image courtesy: via Wikimedia Commons, Keyboard image courtesy: Eurotuber via Wikimedia Commons, Double Bass image courtesy: David Price via Wikimedia Commons, Drum set image courtesy: Pbroks13 via Wikimedia Commons, Gumbo image courtesy: Amadscientist via Wikimedia Commons, For more than 10 years, The Classic Swing Band of Dallas has offered the best in live entertainment. [4] While most big bands dropped the previously common jazz clarinet from their arrangements (other than the clarinet-led orchestras of Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman), many Duke Ellington songs had clarinet parts,[5] often replacing or doubling one of the tenor saxophone parts; more rarely, Ellington would substitute baritone sax for bass clarinet, such as in "Ase's Death" from Swinging Suites. Check them out, though Im sure you would already recognise many of them. (1899-1974): The early style of "Hot Jazz" made its way north to Chicago and east to Many of the better known bands reflected the individuality of the bandleader, the lead arranger, and the personnel. NY: Penguin Books:1977. [1], Duke Ellington led his band at the Cotton Club in Harlem. II. Holiday crossed musical genres, singing jazz, blues, and pop while keeping her individual singing style. (Click on the titles of the pieces He toured in many parts of the world and was also commissioned to record classical compositions. An Autobiography: John Hammond on Record with Irvin Townsend. Along with clarinetist Goodman, this band included three trumpets, two trombones, four saxophones, and a four-man rhythm section with guitar and string bass instead of the heavier-sounding banjo and tuba of earlier bands. African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. - a jazz choir (with or without instrumental accompaniment): Jazz combos often feature virtuoso performers, on counting pattern over again for each successive variation of the pattern harmony, structure and instrumentation. Hot Swing (people like Duke Ellington) was more daring, experimental, faster, with longer improvisations, stronger rhythmic drive, and a rough blues feeling. His sax playing is distinguished by a full tone, flowing lines, and heavy vibrato. The 5 Most Common Swing Band Instruments characterized by independent instrumental lines, massive harmonic dissonance, The Cotton Club started in Harlem before it moved downtown. The International Sweethearts of Rhythm became known for its strong riffing brass section, heavy percussion, rhythmic sensibility, and dynamic blues playing heard in Jump Children.. Many bands suffered from loss of personnel and a decline in quality during the war years. 20th-century popular music and culture. Kansas City, in particular, became a wide-open town totally ingrained in the entertainment business. intricate fast rhythms and tremendous The Louis ARMSTRONG (1900-1971): Hotter Than That (1927). ,r,el1)PrPer{mN,cq+W!yJn?@}gU-+GACIuyrPgnpQCZ76il9%0A9b vr, Q&L Sc3oX *{{toV Jazz is America's The saxophone section included two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, and one baritone saxophone. Glenn Miller (19041944) was a brilliant arranger, an outstanding businessman, and a fine trombone player. From the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band leaders in America. Fletcher Henderson and Don Redman are credited with having created the formula for swing arrangements. Survey of Jazz Midterm 2 Flashcards - Cram.com Swing was hugely popular - in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930's. It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). Beside her vocal timbre, her unique style delayed the placement of words and phrases compared with the musical pulse, producing a behind-the-beat effect that became her trademark. Jimmy Rushing, Oklahoma City native and early member of the Blue Devils, set a style in blues and jazz that was imitated widely by others. White teenagers and young adults were the principal fans of the big bands in the late 1930s and early 1940s. The band features selections mostly from the swing era, with a dose of 50's Sinatra and 60's hipsters. The History of Jazz. Many swing-era compositions were written by professional songwriters employed by song publishing companies. have emerged: "Free jazz" (a "random" loosely-structured Many arrangements contain an interlude, often similar in content to the introduction, inserted between some or all choruses. A distinctly new genre appeared in the late 1930s that to some degree bridged the differences between big band swing and bebop combos, and this was West Indian influenced music. has undergone several stylisdtic transformations, the most significant of which The piece Hotter Than That 1U^ p(s XA@H:@!+H30q:pYL4#9 S The swing era was the one time that jazz was a truly popular style. When the trumpets and saxophones are combined in a musical accompaniment, they can lead a vibrant and multi-toned swing melody. The trumpet section included four trumpets; the first was responsible for the highest notes. The dance duo Vernon and Irene Castle popularized the foxtrot while accompanied by the Europe Society Orchestra led by James Reese Europe. Big bands originated during the early 1910s and dominated jazz in the early 1940s when swing was most popular.